Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2013 Apr;39(2):568-78. doi: 10.1037/a0029877. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
Visual artists and photographers believe that a viewer's gaze can be guided by selective use of image clarity and blur, but there is little systematic research. In this study, participants performed several eye-tracking tasks with the same naturalistic photographs, including recognition memory for the entire photo, as well as recognition memory and personality ratings for individual people in the photos (Experiments 1-3). The results showed that fixations occurred more rapidly and frequently to a local region of clarity than to a comparable blurred region in all tasks, independent of the content of the photo in the local region, and even under instructions to look equally at both regions. However, this bias was reversed when the content of the photos was no longer task-relevant. In Experiment 4, participants located target regions defined by either clarity or blur. Fixations and manual responses were faster for blurred than for sharp targets. These findings imply that the saliency of both image clarity and image blur depends on viewers' goals. Focusing on photo content prioritizes regions of clarity whereas focusing on photo quality prioritizes attention to regions of blur.
视觉艺术家和摄影师认为，通过选择性地使用图像的清晰度和模糊度，可以引导观者的目光，但这方面的系统研究很少。在这项研究中，参与者使用相同的自然照片完成了几项眼动追踪任务，包括对整个照片的识别记忆，以及对照片中个体的识别记忆和个性评价（实验 1-3）。结果表明，在所有任务中，与清晰度相当的模糊区域相比，注视点更快、更频繁地出现在清晰度局部区域，而与局部区域的照片内容无关，即使在要求同等关注两个区域的指示下也是如此。然而，当照片的内容不再与任务相关时，这种偏差就会反转。在实验 4 中，参与者定位了由清晰度或模糊度定义的目标区域。对于模糊的目标，注视和手动反应都比清晰的目标更快。这些发现意味着图像清晰度和图像模糊的显著性都取决于观看者的目标。关注照片内容会优先考虑清晰度区域，而关注照片质量则会优先关注模糊区域。
