Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2013 Feb;122(1):250-5. doi: 10.1037/a0029999. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
Using data from a large Australian twin sample we examined the extent to which genetic variation in the Big Three personality dimensions (positive emotionality, negative emotionality, and constraint) and their lower-order components explained genetic variation in the risk for disordered gambling (DG) among men and women. Genetic influences contributing to individual differences in normal-range personality traits explained over 40% of the genetic risk for DG, with a larger contribution among women than among men. The largest and most robust contributions came from the higher-order personality dimension of negative emotionality and its two lower-order dimensions of alienation and aggression. Surprisingly, low self-control was associated with the genetic risk for DG only among women, and risk-taking/sensation-seeking did not explain genetic risk for DG in either sex. The results of this study have implications for the causes of comorbidity between DG and other psychiatric disorders, the search for genes associated with DG risk, and the possibility of sex differences in the etiology of DG. Using a broad-band inventory of personality supports the conclusion that there probably is a substantial proportion of genetic variation in DG that cannot be explained by individual differences in personality.
利用来自澳大利亚大型双胞胎样本的数据，我们考察了三大人格维度（正性情绪、负性情绪和约束）及其下阶成分的遗传变异在男性和女性赌博障碍（DG）风险中的遗传变异程度。对正常范围人格特质个体差异有贡献的遗传影响解释了 DG 遗传风险的 40%以上，女性的贡献大于男性。最大和最稳健的贡献来自负性情绪的高阶人格维度及其两个低阶维度——疏离和攻击。令人惊讶的是，低自我控制仅与女性 DG 的遗传风险相关，而冒险/寻求刺激并不能解释两性 DG 的遗传风险。本研究结果对 DG 与其他精神障碍共病的原因、与 DG 风险相关基因的寻找以及 DG 病因的性别差异具有启示意义。使用广泛的人格量表支持这样一个结论，即 DG 中有相当一部分遗传变异不能用人格的个体差异来解释。
