Signore Anthony V, Giacinti Jolene, Jones Megan E B, Erdelyan Cassidy N G, McLaughlin Angela, Alkie Tamiru N, Cox Sherri, Lair Stéphane, Jardine Claire M, Stevens Brian, Bravo-Araya Maria, Pople Neil, Pybus Margo J, Hisanaga Tamiko, Xu Wanhong, Koziuk Janice, Lung Oliver, Kruczkiewicz Peter, Fisher Mathew, Wight Jordan, Rahman Ishraq, Hargan Kathryn E, Lang Andrew S, Hochman Orie, Ojkic Davor, Yason Carmencita, Bourque Laura, Bollinger Trent K, Provencher Jennifer F, Ogilvie Sarah, Clark Amanda, MacPhee Robyn, Eaglesome Hazel, Gilbert Sayrah, Saboraki Kelsey, Davis Richard, Jerao Alexandra, Ginn Matthew, Soos Catherine, Berhane Yohannes
National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada.
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Canada.
Sci Adv. 2025 Jul 11;11(28):eadu4909. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adu4909. Epub 2025 Jul 9.
The November 2021 introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b into North America triggered a devastating outbreak, affecting more than 180 million domestic birds and spreading to more than 80 wildlife species across Canada and the US. From this outbreak, we have sequenced 2955 complete A(H5N1) viral genomes from samples collected in Canada and, in conjunction with previously published data, performed multifaceted phylodynamic analyses. These analyses reveal extensive diversification of A(H5N1) viruses via reassortment with low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. We find evidence of repeated ancestral strain replacement by direct descendants, indicative of compounding viral fitness increases. Spatiotemporal modeling identified critical geographic areas facilitating transcontinental spread and demonstrated genotype-specific host dynamics, offering essential data for ongoing control and prevention strategies.
2021年11月，高致病性甲型禽流感（H5N1）2.3.4.4b分支传入北美，引发了一场毁灭性疫情，影响了超过1.8亿只家禽，并传播到加拿大和美国的80多种野生动物。在此次疫情中，我们对从加拿大采集的样本中的2955个完整甲型禽流感（H5N1）病毒基因组进行了测序，并结合之前发表的数据，进行了多方面的系统动力学分析。这些分析揭示了甲型禽流感（H5N1）病毒通过与低致病性禽流感病毒重配而发生的广泛多样化。我们发现有证据表明，直系后代反复取代祖先毒株，这表明病毒适应性在不断增强。时空模型确定了促进跨大陆传播的关键地理区域，并展示了基因型特异性宿主动态，为当前的控制和预防策略提供了重要数据。
