Department of Medical Imaging, Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.
Muscle Nerve. 2012 Oct;46(4):465-81. doi: 10.1002/mus.23370.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool to assess the severity, distribution, and progression of muscle injury and disease. However, a muscle's response to a pathological insult is limited to only a few patterns on MRI, and findings can be nonspecific. A pattern-based approach is therefore essential to correctly interpret MR studies of abnormal muscle. In this article we review the anatomy, function, and normal MRI appearance of skeletal muscle. We present a classification scheme that categorizes abnormal MR appearances of muscle into 4 main pattern descriptors: (1) distribution; (2) change in size and shape; (3) T1 signal; and (4) T2 signal. Each category is further subdivided into the various patterns seen on MRI. Such an approach allows one to systematically assess abnormal findings on muscle MRI studies and ascertain clues to the diagnosis or differential diagnosis, particularly when findings are correlated with the clinical context.
磁共振成像（MRI）是评估肌肉损伤和疾病严重程度、分布和进展的有力工具。然而，肌肉对病理损伤的反应仅限于 MRI 上的几种模式，且结果可能不具有特异性。因此，基于模式的方法对于正确解读异常肌肉的 MRI 研究至关重要。本文回顾了骨骼肌的解剖、功能和正常 MRI 表现。我们提出了一种分类方案，将肌肉异常 MRI 表现分为 4 个主要模式描述符：（1）分布；（2）大小和形状的变化；（3）T1 信号；（4）T2 信号。每个类别进一步细分为 MRI 上看到的各种模式。这种方法可以系统地评估肌肉 MRI 研究中的异常发现，并确定诊断或鉴别诊断的线索，尤其是当发现与临床背景相关时。
