Department of Pediatric Immunology Research, The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2012 Oct;42(10):1448-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04001.x.
Fungal exposures are believed to play an important role in the development of asthma and atopy, accounting for increased asthmatic symptoms and severe asthma exacerbation. Indoor fungal species vary both in taxa and concentration in different residences and in different regions.
We explored the fungal species spectrum in 88 homes with at least one asthmatic child in the Middle West region of the United States mostly during late spring and fall season in comparison with 85 homes that did not contain an asthmatic child during flu season.
The average fungal spore counts per cubic metre of air in the bedroom of the enrolled child, the main living spaces and outdoor environments, and the culturable fungal colony-forming units per cubic metre of air samples in the main living space from each home were measured.
The results indicated that Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Basidiospores, Epicoccum and Pithomyces were found in more asthmatic homes than in homes without an asthmatic child or existed in higher concentration in asthmatic homes than in homes without an asthmatic child even after adjusting outdoor spore concentration. The results for culturable fungal species confirmed most of these findings even after adjusting for seasonal factors. Although Alternaria was commonly found in both kinds of homes, there was no significant difference in detection rate or concentration of Alternaria between asthmatic homes and homes without an asthmatic child by either spore counting or culturable airborne detection.
Since many allergens have been identified in these fungal species, identifying and controlling these fungal species in asthmatic homes might be expected to improve asthma care and benefit asthmatic children.
人们认为真菌暴露在哮喘和过敏症的发展中起着重要作用，导致哮喘症状加重和严重哮喘恶化。室内真菌物种在不同住宅和不同地区的分类和浓度都有所不同。
我们在美国中西部地区探索了 88 个有至少一个哮喘儿童的家庭中的真菌物种谱，这些家庭主要在春末和秋季进行，而 85 个没有哮喘儿童的家庭则在流感季节进行。
测量了入组儿童卧室、主要起居空间和室外环境中每立方米空气中的平均真菌孢子数，以及每个家庭主要起居空间中每立方米空气中可培养真菌菌落形成单位数。
结果表明，在有哮喘儿童的家庭中比在没有哮喘儿童的家庭中发现了更多的枝孢霉属、青霉属、曲霉属、担子菌孢子、层出霉属和皮壳霉属，并且即使在调整了室外孢子浓度后，这些真菌在有哮喘儿童的家庭中的浓度也高于没有哮喘儿童的家庭。可培养真菌物种的结果证实了这些发现中的大部分，即使在调整了季节性因素后也是如此。虽然交链孢霉属在这两种家庭中都很常见，但无论是通过孢子计数还是可培养的空气传播检测，在哮喘家庭和没有哮喘儿童的家庭中，交链孢霉属的检出率或浓度都没有显著差异。
由于这些真菌物种中已经鉴定出许多过敏原，因此在哮喘家庭中识别和控制这些真菌物种有望改善哮喘护理并使哮喘儿童受益。
