Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2014 Jan;16(1):33-43. doi: 10.1039/c3em00441d.
Compared to traditional methods of fungal exposure assessment, molecular methods have provided new insight into the richness of fungal communities present in both indoor and outdoor environments. In this study, we describe the diversity of fungi in the homes of asthmatic children located in Kansas City. Fungal diversity was determined by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal RNA derived from fungi collected in air and dust samples from 31 homes participating in the Kansas City Safe and Healthy Homes Program (KCSHHP). Sequencing results were then compared to data obtained using viable and non-viable fungal exposure assessment methods. ITS clone libraries were predominantly derived from the phylum Ascomycota in both air (68%) and dust (92%) samples and followed by the Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. The majority of Ascomycota clones belonged to four orders including the Pleosporales, Eurotiales, Capnodiales, and Dothideales. ITS sequencing revealed the presence of a number of rarely documented fungal species placed in the Pleosporales. Several species placed in the Basidiomycota were detected in ITS clone libraries but not by viable or non-viable methods. The prevalence of organizational taxonomic units (OTUs) was significantly higher in air than in dust samples (p < 0.0001); however, no differences between OTUs in air samples collected in the subjects' room and basement were observed. These sequencing results demonstrate a much broader diversity of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota communities in KCSHHP indoor environments than previously estimated using traditional methods of assessment.
与传统的真菌暴露评估方法相比，分子方法为室内和室外环境中真菌群落的丰富度提供了新的见解。在这项研究中，我们描述了堪萨斯城哮喘儿童家庭中真菌的多样性。通过对来自参与堪萨斯城安全健康家园计划（KCSHHP）的 31 个家庭的空气和灰尘样本中真菌收集的核糖体 RNA 的内部转录间隔区（ITS）区域进行测序，确定了真菌的多样性。然后将测序结果与使用可行和不可行的真菌暴露评估方法获得的数据进行比较。ITS 克隆文库主要来源于空气（68%）和灰尘（92%）样本中的子囊菌门，其次是担子菌门和接合菌门。大多数子囊菌门克隆属于包括假黑盘孢目、散囊菌目、盘菌目和腔菌目的四个目。ITS 测序揭示了一些很少有文献记录的真菌物种的存在，这些真菌物种属于假黑盘孢目。一些属于担子菌门的物种在 ITS 克隆文库中被检测到，但在可行或不可行的方法中没有被检测到。空气样本中组织分类单元（OTU）的流行率明显高于灰尘样本（p < 0.0001）；然而，在受试者房间和地下室采集的空气样本中的 OTU 之间没有观察到差异。这些测序结果表明，KCSHHP 室内环境中的子囊菌门和担子菌门群落的多样性比以前使用传统评估方法估计的要广泛得多。
