Department of Philosophy, Durham University, Durham, UK.
J Eval Clin Pract. 2012 Oct;18(5):1082-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01922.x.
While some deaths are worse than others, there is no such thing as a 'good death' since the plausible desiderata of a 'good death' form an inconsistent set. Because death is of the greatest existential consequence to us, a 'good' death must be a self-aware death in which we grasp the import of what is happening to us; however, such realization is incompatible with our achieving the tranquillity of mind which is another requirement for the 'good' death. Nevertheless, the welcome recognition in recent years by medical personnel, palliative care workers and hospice staff that dying is an existential predicament as well as a physiological condition has enabled more people to avoid a 'soulless death in intensive care', even if it pays insufficient regard to the personal virtues that we need if we are to mitigate the worst evils of dying.
虽然有些死亡比其他死亡更糟糕,但没有所谓的“好的死亡”,因为“好的死亡”的合理愿望构成了一个不一致的集合。因为死亡对我们来说是最大的存在后果,所以“好的”死亡必须是一种自我意识的死亡,在这种死亡中,我们理解正在发生在我们身上的事情的重要性;然而,这种认识与我们获得心灵的宁静是不相容的,而心灵的宁静是“好的”死亡的另一个要求。尽管如此,近年来医务人员、姑息治疗工作者和临终关怀工作人员的可喜认识是,死亡既是一种存在困境,也是一种生理状况,这使得更多的人能够避免“在重症监护室中没有灵魂的死亡”,即使它没有充分考虑到我们需要的个人美德,如果我们要减轻死亡的最坏后果的话。