人体免疫缺陷病毒的固有细胞防御。
Intrinsic cellular defenses against human immunodeficiency viruses.
机构信息
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University 455 First Avenue New York, NY, 10016.
出版信息
Immunity. 2012 Sep 21;37(3):399-411. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.013.
Abstract
Viral infections are often detrimental to host survival and reproduction. Consequently, hosts have evolved a variety of mechanisms to defend themselves against viruses. A component of this arsenal is a set of proteins, termed restriction factors, which exhibit direct antiviral activity. Among these are several classes of proteins (APOBEC3, TRIM5, Tetherin, and SAMHD1) that inhibit the replication of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Here, we outline the features, mechanisms, and evolution of these defense mechanisms. We also speculate on how restriction factors arose, how they might interact with the conventional innate and adaptive immune systems, and how an understanding of these intrinsic cellular defenses might be usefully exploited.
摘要
病毒感染通常对宿主的生存和繁殖有害。因此，宿主进化出了多种机制来抵御病毒。这个武器库的一部分是一组被称为限制因子的蛋白质，它们具有直接的抗病毒活性。其中包括几类蛋白质（APOBEC3、TRIM5、Tetherin 和 SAMHD1），它们可以抑制人类和猴免疫缺陷病毒的复制。在这里，我们概述了这些防御机制的特征、机制和进化。我们还推测了限制因子是如何产生的，它们可能如何与传统的先天和适应性免疫系统相互作用，以及对这些内在细胞防御的理解如何被有效地利用。
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