Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (CNRS, UMR 6024), Université Blaise Pascal, 34 avenue Carnot, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Neuropsychologia. 2013 Jan;51(2):220-34. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.023. Epub 2012 Sep 20.
In this review, we discuss behavioral studies on time perception in healthy children that suggest the existence of a primitive "sense" of time in infants as well as research that has revealed the changes in time judgments that occur throughout childhood. Moreover, a distinction is made between implicit and explicit time judgments in order to take account of the different types of temporal judgments that emerge across ages. On the basis of both the neurobiological model of the internal clock proposed by Matell and Meck (2000), and of results of imaging studies in human adults, we then try to identify which of the neural structures underlying this primitive sense of time mature faster and which mature more slowly in order to explain the age-related variance in time judgments. To this end, we also present the small number of timing studies conducted among typically and non-typically developing children that have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as well as those that have assessed the cognitive capacities of such children on the basis of various neuropsychological tests.
在这篇综述中，我们讨论了关于健康儿童时间感知的行为研究，这些研究表明婴儿存在一种原始的“时间感”，同时也揭示了儿童时期时间判断的变化。此外，为了考虑到不同年龄出现的不同类型的时间判断，区分了内隐和外显的时间判断。基于马特尔和梅克（2000 年）提出的内部时钟神经生物学模型，以及对人类成年人的成像研究结果，我们试图确定哪些神经结构是这种原始时间感的基础，它们成熟得更快，哪些成熟得更慢，以便解释时间判断的年龄相关差异。为此，我们还介绍了少数使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的正常和非典型发育儿童的计时研究，以及基于各种神经心理学测试评估这些儿童认知能力的研究。
