Koriech O M
Department of Oncology, Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
J Family Community Med. 1994 Jan;1(1):2-11.
Environrnental and lifestyle factors, including diet, pray be responsible for the recognised worldwide variation in tire incidence of specific types or cancer. Chemical carcinogenesis is a multistage process occurring over a relatively long period or time. The mechanisms are complex as different factors damage develops following exposure to carcinogenic agents. Progression to malignancy is, at this stage, not inevitable. Specific agents are needed to 'promote', and induce 'progression' or inhibit subsequent changes to develop invasive malignancy. Understanding the roles played by different agents and mechanisms in the overall carcinogenic process For cc specific cancer nary form the basis for risk assessment and eventual prevention. The multistep process of carcinogenesis including initiation, promotion, and progression, are all needed for clinically invasive cancer to develop. Efforts directed to any of these phases can prevent the development of cancer.A variety of carcinogenic and mutagenic substances ore present in our diet. Some are found naturally in the food ingredients, whereas others result from pesticide residues, environmental pollution, food additives, preparation and processing procedures, curd fungal contamination. The control of these factors may render some cancers potentially avoidable.The role of macro and micro-nutrients in the causation of cancer and eventually in its prevention is complicated by their combined distribution in food products. Intensive research into the nature of cancer prevention by nutrient components and their synthetic analogs is still in its infancy. As cancer induction, promotion and progression is a slow mechanism that could take many years, it is uncertain what time-period of dietary intake is most relevant. Currently, recommended prevention strategies include choose more/choose less approach, through emphasizing a shift away from high fat, low-fiber foods that may increase cancer risks, toward foods low in fat and rich in fiber and nutrients.
环境和生活方式因素，包括饮食等，可能是导致特定类型癌症发病率在全球范围内存在差异的原因。化学致癌作用是一个在相对较长时间内发生的多阶段过程。由于接触致癌物质后不同因素造成的损害发展，其机制很复杂。在这个阶段，发展为恶性肿瘤并非不可避免。需要特定的物质来“促进”、诱导“进展”或抑制后续变化以发展为侵袭性恶性肿瘤。了解不同物质和机制在总体致癌过程中所起的作用，对于特定癌症而言，构成了风险评估和最终预防的基础。致癌作用的多步骤过程，包括启动、促进和进展，都是临床侵袭性癌症发展所必需的。针对这些阶段中的任何一个阶段所做的努力都可以预防癌症的发生。我们的饮食中存在多种致癌和致突变物质。有些天然存在于食物成分中，而其他的则来自农药残留、环境污染、食品添加剂、制备和加工过程、霉菌污染。对这些因素的控制可能会使某些癌症有可能避免。大量和微量营养素在癌症病因及最终预防中的作用，因它们在食品中的综合分布而变得复杂。对营养成分及其合成类似物预防癌症本质的深入研究仍处于起步阶段。由于癌症的诱导、促进和进展是一个缓慢的过程，可能需要很多年，所以不确定饮食摄入的哪个时间段最为相关。目前，推荐的预防策略包括“多选择/少选择”方法，即强调从可能增加癌症风险的高脂肪、低纤维食物，转向低脂肪、富含纤维和营养的食物。
