Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Drugs. 2012 Oct 22;72(15):1977-89. doi: 10.2165/11640800-000000000-00000.
The incidence of food allergy in developed countries has increased in recent years, escalating the need to find a suitable form of treatment as an alternative to current management, which includes strict avoidance and ready availability of injectable epinephrine (adrenaline). Allergen immunotherapy is currently being studied for use in the treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy to the most common foods, including peanut, tree nut, milk and egg. Two modalities, oral immunotherapy (OIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), have shown great promise. Both OIT and SLIT have been able to desensitize subjects to varying degrees, but the two treatment methods differ in doses that can be achieved, duration of treatment, safety profile and ease of use outside the research setting, among other aspects. More research is needed to conclude which mode of treatment is more effective in inducing long-term tolerance with the least amount of serious adverse reactions. However, OIT and SLIT show great promise, and a widespread treatment for food allergy may be within reach.
近年来，发达国家的食物过敏发病率有所上升，因此需要寻找一种合适的治疗方法，以替代目前包括严格避免接触和随时可使用注射用肾上腺素（肾上腺素）在内的管理方法。过敏原免疫疗法目前正在研究用于治疗最常见食物（包括花生、树坚果、牛奶和鸡蛋）的 IgE 介导的食物过敏。两种方法，口服免疫疗法（OIT）和舌下免疫疗法（SLIT）都显示出了很大的希望。OIT 和 SLIT 都能够在不同程度上使受试者脱敏，但这两种治疗方法在可达到的剂量、治疗持续时间、安全性概况以及在研究环境之外的易用性等方面存在差异。需要进行更多的研究才能得出哪种治疗方式在诱导长期耐受方面更有效，同时不良反应最少。然而，OIT 和 SLIT 显示出了巨大的希望，食物过敏的广泛治疗方法可能即将实现。
