The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH 45243, USA.
Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Jun;28(6):855-62. doi: 10.1007/s00467-012-2251-4. Epub 2012 Jul 18.
The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) refers to a complex pathophysiologic state in which heart and kidney dysfunction coexist. Although a robust amount of adult literature exists, limited reports have been made regarding CRS in pediatric patients. However, CRS is increasingly being recognized as an impactful clinical problem that can have important implications regarding the need for treatment and prognosis. Although wide acceptance of a unified definition of CRS is lacking, a general consensus exists that CRS can be either primarily caused by cardiac disease with secondary effects on the kidney, or vice versa, as well as systemic conditions in which cardiac and renal disease are both considered to be secondary. Convincing data in the pediatric perioperative population have been reported, but there is a paucity of information in acute and chronic heart failure (HF), as well as acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Herein, we briefly report on the adult literature and summarize the current pediatric experience.
心脏肾脏综合征（CRS）是指心脏和肾脏功能障碍同时存在的一种复杂病理生理状态。尽管成人文献中有大量相关内容，但关于儿科患者 CRS 的报道有限。然而，CRS 越来越被认为是一个有影响的临床问题，可能对治疗和预后的需求有重要影响。尽管缺乏对 CRS 统一定义的广泛接受，但人们普遍认为 CRS 可以是由心脏病引起，继而对肾脏产生影响，或者反之亦然，也可以是全身性疾病，其中心脏和肾脏疾病都被认为是次要的。已经有令人信服的数据报告了儿科围手术期人群中的 CRS，但在急性和慢性心力衰竭（HF）以及急性肾损伤（AKI）和慢性肾脏病（CKD）中，信息仍然匮乏。在此，我们简要报告成人文献，并总结目前儿科的经验。
