Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Environ Health. 2012 Sep 26;11:72. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-72.
Urban air pollution is an increasing health problem, particularly in Asia, where the combustion of fossil fuels has increased rapidly as a result of industrialization and socio-economic development. The adverse health impacts of urban air pollution are well established, but less is known about effective intervention strategies. In this demonstration study we set out to establish methods to assess whether wearing an R95 activated carbon respirator could reduce intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in street workers in Hanoi, Vietnam.
In this demonstration study we performed a cross-over study in which non-smoking participants that worked at least 4 hours per day on the street in Hanoi were randomly allocated to specific respirator wearing sequences for a duration of 2 weeks. Urines were collected after each period, i.e., twice per week, at the end of the working day to measure hydroxy PAHs (OH-PAH) using gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. The primary endpoint was the urinary concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP).
Forty-four participants (54.5% male, median age 40 years) were enrolled with the majority being motorbike taxi drivers (38.6%) or street vendors (34.1%). The baseline creatinine corrected urinary level for 1-OHP was much higher than other international comparisons: 1020 ng/g creatinine (IQR: 604-1551). Wearing a R95 mask had no significant effect on 1-OHP levels: estimated multiplicative effect 1.0 (95% CI: 0.92-1.09) or other OH-PAHs, except 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-OHN): 0.86 (95% CI: 0.11-0.96).
High levels of urine OH-PAHs were found in Hanoi street workers. No effect was seen on urine OH-PAH levels by wearing R95 particulate respirators in an area of high urban air pollution, except for 1-OHN. A lack of effect may be de to gaseous phase PAHs that were not filtered efficiently by the respirator. The high levels of urinary OH-PAHs found, urges for effective interventions.
ISRCTN74390617 (date of assignation: 04/08/2009).
城市空气污染是一个日益严重的健康问题，尤其是在亚洲，随着工业化和社会经济发展，化石燃料的燃烧迅速增加。城市空气污染对健康的不良影响已得到充分证实，但对于有效的干预策略知之甚少。在这项示范研究中，我们着手建立评估方法，以确定在越南河内的街头工作者佩戴 R95 活性炭呼吸器是否可以减少多环芳烃 (PAH) 的摄入。
在这项示范研究中，我们进行了一项交叉研究，其中至少每天在街头工作 4 小时的非吸烟参与者被随机分配到特定的呼吸器佩戴序列，持续两周。在每个周期结束时，即在工作日结束时，收集尿液，使用气相色谱/高分辨率质谱法测量羟基多环芳烃 (OH-PAH)。主要终点是尿 1-羟芘 (1-OHP) 的浓度。
共纳入 44 名参与者（54.5%为男性，中位年龄 40 岁），其中大多数是摩托车出租车司机（38.6%）或街头小贩（34.1%）。1-OHP 的尿肌酐校正水平基线明显高于其他国际比较：1020ng/g 肌酐（IQR：604-1551）。佩戴 R95 口罩对 1-OHP 水平没有显著影响：估计的乘法效应 1.0（95%CI：0.92-1.09）或其他 OH-PAH 除 1-羟萘（1-OHN）外：0.86（95%CI：0.11-0.96）。
在河内街头工作者中发现尿液 OH-PAH 水平较高。在高城市空气污染地区佩戴 R95 颗粒物呼吸器对尿液 OH-PAH 水平没有影响，除了 1-OHN。缺乏效果可能是由于呼吸过滤器不能有效过滤的气态多环芳烃。研究结果表明，高浓度的尿液 OH-PAH 表明需要采取有效的干预措施。
ISRCTN74390617（分配日期：2009 年 8 月 4 日）。
