Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
Inhal Toxicol. 2012 Oct;24(12):821-30. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2012.721097.
The deposition characteristics in lungs following inhalation, the potential toxic effects induced and the toxicokinetic fate including a possible translocation to other sites of the body are predominantly determined by the agglomeration status of nanoscaled primary particles. Systemic particle effects, i.e. effects on remote organs besides the respiratory tract are considered to be of relevant impact only for de-agglomerated particles with a nanoscaled aspect. Rats were exposed to various types of nanoscaled particles, i.e. titanium dioxide, carbon black and constantan. These were dispersed in physiologically compatible media, e.g. phosphate buffer, sometimes including auxiliaries. Rats were treated with aqueous nanoparticle dispersions by intratracheal instillation or were exposed to well-characterized nanoparticle aerosols. Subsequently, alterations in the particle size distribution were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique. Based on the results in various approaches, a tendency of nanoscaled particles to form larger size agglomerates following deposition and interaction with cells or the respiratory tract is predominant. The contrary trend, i.e. the increase of particle number due to a disintegration of agglomerates seems not to be of high relevance.
吸入后肺部的沉积特性、潜在的毒理效应以及包括可能向身体其他部位转移的毒代动力学命运，主要取决于纳米级初级颗粒的团聚状态。系统颗粒效应，即除呼吸道以外对远程器官的影响，被认为仅与去团聚的纳米级颗粒有关。大鼠暴露于各种类型的纳米级颗粒，如二氧化钛、炭黑和康铜。这些颗粒分散在生理相容的介质中，例如磷酸盐缓冲液，有时还包括助剂。大鼠通过气管内滴注接受水性纳米颗粒分散体的处理，或暴露于经过良好表征的纳米颗粒气溶胶中。随后，使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）以及支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）技术研究颗粒尺寸分布的变化。基于各种方法的结果，纳米级颗粒在沉积后与细胞或呼吸道相互作用时形成更大尺寸团聚体的趋势占主导地位。相反的趋势，即由于团聚体的崩解而导致的颗粒数量增加似乎没有很大的相关性。
