Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1170 Main Building, 132 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2012 Oct;59(5):1147-65. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2012.07.006. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
Opioid use in pregnant women has increased over the last decade. Following birth, infants with in utero exposure demonstrate signs and symptoms of withdrawal known as the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Infants express a spectrum of disease, with most requiring the administration of pharmacologic therapy to ensure proper growth and development. Treatment often involves prolonged hospitalization. There is a general lack of high-quality clinical trial data to guide optimal therapy, and significant heterogeneity in treatment approaches. Emerging trends in the treatment of infants with NAS include the use of sublingual buprenorphine, transition to outpatient therapy, and pharmacogenetic risk stratification.
在过去十年中，孕妇使用阿片类药物的情况有所增加。在分娩后，宫内暴露的婴儿表现出戒断症状和体征，称为新生儿戒断综合征（NAS）。婴儿表现出一系列疾病，大多数需要给予药物治疗以确保正常生长发育。治疗通常需要长时间住院。目前缺乏高质量的临床试验数据来指导最佳治疗，并且治疗方法存在显著异质性。治疗 NAS 婴儿的新趋势包括使用舌下美沙酮、过渡到门诊治疗以及药物遗传学风险分层。
