University of Applied Sciences Fresenius, Idstein, Germany.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2013;48(2):129-35. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2013.719431.
The aims of the present study were to determine PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) concentrations in various sources of water intended for human consumption, use these data to calculate the possible uptake via water as well as to estimate the water related health risk to consumers. A total of 177 water samples (119 mineral waters, 26 tap water samples, 18 spring water samples and 14 raw (untreated) water samples) were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the presence of 10 or 19 PFASs, respectively. PFAS concentrations above the limit of detection of 1 ng/L were found in 52% of all samples. Short-chain PFASs with less than 8 carbon atoms were responsible for 58% of the total PFAS contamination. The highest concentration (sum of PFASs) of 42.7 ng/L was detected in tap water. The calculated maximum uptake of both components for which a tolerable daily intake (TDI) level exists were 0.17 ng/kg bodyweight/day for PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid) and 0.21 ng/kg bodyweight/day for PFOA (perfluorooctane carboxylic acid). In regard to the model calculations made here (TDI for adults and for infants), the uptake of PFOS and PFOA via consumption of water can be considered negligible. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A to view the supplemental file.
本研究的目的是确定各种供人类消费的水源中的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 浓度，利用这些数据计算通过水摄入的可能性，并估计消费者面临的与水有关的健康风险。共分析了 177 个水样（119 个矿泉水、26 个自来水样、18 个泉水样和 14 个原水（未处理）样），采用液相色谱-串联质谱法分别检测 10 种或 19 种 PFAS。在所有水样中，有 52%的水样中 PFAS 浓度超过检测限 1ng/L。短链 PFAS（碳原子数小于 8）占总 PFAS 污染的 58%。自来水中总 PFAS 浓度（PFAS 总和）最高，为 42.7ng/L。对于有耐受日摄入量（TDI）水平的两种成分（PFOS 和 PFOA），计算出的最大摄入量分别为 0.17ng/kg 体重/天和 0.21ng/kg 体重/天。就这里进行的模型计算（成人和婴儿 TDI）而言，通过饮用水摄入的 PFOS 和 PFOA 可以被认为是微不足道的。本文有补充材料。请访问期刊《环境科学与健康 A 部分》的出版商在线版本，查看补充文件。
