Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2013 Jan-Feb;5(1):1-18. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1198. Epub 2012 Oct 9.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a clinical imaging modality effective for anatomical and functional imaging of diseased soft tissues, including solid tumors. MRI contrast agents (CA) have been routinely used for detecting tumor at an early stage. Gadolinium-based CA are the most commonly used CA in clinical MRI. There have been significant efforts to design and develop novel Gd(III) CA with high relaxivity, low toxicity, and specific tumor binding. The relaxivity of the Gd(III) CA can be increased by proper chemical modification. The toxicity of Gd(III) CA can be reduced by increasing the agents' thermodynamic and kinetic stability, as well as optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties. The increasing knowledge in the field of cancer genomics and biology provides an opportunity for designing tumor-specific CA. Various new Gd(III) chelates have been designed and evaluated in animal models for more effective cancer MRI. This review outlines the design and development, physicochemical properties, and in vivo properties of several classes of Gd(III)-based MR CA tumor imaging.
磁共振成像（MRI）是一种有效的临床成像方式，可用于疾病软组织的解剖和功能成像，包括实体瘤。MRI 对比剂（CA）已常规用于早期检测肿瘤。基于钆的 CA 是临床 MRI 中最常用的 CA。人们一直在努力设计和开发具有高弛豫率、低毒性和特定肿瘤结合能力的新型 Gd（III）CA。通过适当的化学修饰可以提高 Gd（III）CA 的弛豫率。通过提高试剂的热力学和动力学稳定性以及优化其药代动力学特性，可以降低 Gd（III）CA 的毒性。癌症基因组学和生物学领域的知识不断增加，为设计肿瘤特异性 CA 提供了机会。各种新型 Gd（III）螯合物已在动物模型中进行设计和评估，以实现更有效的癌症 MRI。本文综述了几类基于 Gd（III）的磁共振 CA 肿瘤成像的设计与开发、理化性质和体内性质。
