Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(25):2910-2937. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170314121946.
Contrast agents (CAs) are widely used to improve the signal-noise ratio in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. The majority of MRI CAs used in clinic are gadolinium( III) (Gd(III)) chelates with low molecular weight. Compared with these small-molecule CAs, Gd(III)-based polymeric magnetic resonance imaging agents (i.e. macromolecular contrast agents, mCAs), prepared by conjugating small-molecule Gd(III) chelates onto macromolecules, possess high relaxivity and relative long blood circulation time, which are favorable for MRI examinations. In last decades, increasing attention was paid to the design of mCAs with various structures, and further evaluation of the MRI performance both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we focus on the recent progress of mCAs, including structures, properties and applications. Meanwhile, this review also highlights the emerging MRI mCAs with smart response and multi-function: tumor microenvironment- stimulated MRI, multi-mode imaging and MRI-based theranostics.
对比剂（CA）广泛用于提高磁共振成像（MRI）检查中的信号噪声比。临床上使用的大多数 MRI CA 是具有低分子量的钆（III）（Gd（III））螯合物。与这些小分子 CA 相比，通过将小分子 Gd（III）螯合物连接到大分子上制备的基于 Gd（III）的聚合物磁共振成像剂（即大分子 CA，mCA）具有高弛豫率和相对较长的血液循环时间，有利于 MRI 检查。在过去的几十年中，人们越来越关注具有各种结构的 mCA 的设计，并进一步评估了体外和体内的 MRI 性能。在此，我们重点介绍 mCA 的最新进展，包括结构、性质和应用。同时，本综述还突出了具有智能响应和多功能的新兴 MRI mCA：肿瘤微环境刺激 MRI、多模态成像和基于 MRI 的治疗。
