Hartinger-Saunders Robin M, Rine Christine M, Nochajski Thomas, Wieczorek William
Georgia State University, 140 Decatur Street, Urban Life Building, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Child Youth Serv Rev. 2012 Sep 1;34(9):1966-1973. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.020. Epub 2012 Jun 6.
This paper is one of two in a series that reports detailed findings from a larger study that simultaneously explored individual, family and neighborhood level predictors of victimization and offending among youth. The current analysis aims to identify which neighborhood level factors have better predictive power with regard to type of victimization (direct and vicarious measures) and total offending overtime (Wave 1 and Wave 2). METHODS: Path analysis was conducted using data from a multi-wave, panel study (N=625) of youth ages 16-19 at Wave 1. A best fitting model was determined showing causal pathways from neighborhood level factors including crime and perception of safety, to direct and vicarious victimization through exposure to violence, and subsequent offending. FINDINGS: Neighborhood crime significantly predicted property victimization. Neighborhood crime and perception of safety significantly predicted vicarious victimization by exposure to violence in the neighborhood. Neighborhood crime and perception of safety were significantly associated with Wave 1 offending. Findings highlight the need for professionals who work with youth to be cognizant of how their environments influence their lives. Prevention and intervention models seeking to create sustainable change among youth should consider mezzo and macro level components that build and strengthen neighborhood capacity through community partnerships.
本文是系列论文中的两篇之一，该系列报道了一项规模更大的研究的详细结果，该研究同时探讨了青少年受害和犯罪的个人、家庭及邻里层面的预测因素。当前分析旨在确定哪些邻里层面因素在受害类型（直接和间接测量）以及随时间推移的总犯罪率（第1波和第2波）方面具有更强的预测力。方法：使用来自一项针对16 - 19岁青少年的多波面板研究（第1波时N = 625）的数据进行路径分析。确定了一个最佳拟合模型，该模型显示了从包括犯罪和安全感知在内的邻里层面因素到通过接触暴力导致的直接和间接受害以及随后犯罪的因果路径。结果：邻里犯罪显著预测财产受害。邻里犯罪和安全感知显著预测因接触邻里暴力而导致的间接受害。邻里犯罪和安全感知与第1波犯罪显著相关。研究结果强调，与青少年打交道的专业人员需要认识到他们的环境如何影响其生活。旨在在青少年中创造可持续变化的预防和干预模式应考虑通过社区伙伴关系构建和加强邻里能力的中观和宏观层面要素。
