Davies D J, Thornton I, Watt J M, Culbard E B, Harvey P G, Delves H T, Sherlock J C, Smart G A, Thomas J F, Quinn M J
Applied Geochemistry Research Group, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Royal School of Mines, London, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 1990 Jan;90:13-29. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90182-t.
A comprehensive study of a group of 2-year-old urban children (n = 97), designed to provide quantitative information simultaneously for lead intakes via all identified pathways, has been carried out in Birmingham (U.K.). Results showed that for children whose blood levels and exposure to environmental lead were within the normal range for the U.K., blood lead concentration was significantly related to a combination of house dust lead loading and an overall rate of touching objects, to water lead concentration and to the parents' smoking habits. On the basis of assumptions used by the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP), the estimated average total uptake of lead was 36 micrograms day-1; of this, 97% was from ingestion from dust, food and water and only 3% from inhalation.
在英国伯明翰市对一组97名两岁城市儿童进行了一项全面研究，旨在同时提供通过所有已识别途径摄入铅的定量信息。结果表明，对于血铅水平和环境铅暴露在英国正常范围内的儿童，血铅浓度与室内灰尘铅含量、触摸物体的总体频率、水中铅浓度以及父母的吸烟习惯的综合情况显著相关。根据环境污染皇家委员会（RCEP）所采用的假设，估计铅的平均总摄入量为每日36微克；其中，97%来自灰尘、食物和水的摄入，仅3%来自吸入。
