Behavioral plasticity, learning, and memory in C. elegans.

Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits behavior plasticity that appears to correspond to non-associative and associative learning, and short-term and long-term memory. Recent finding revealed that evolutionally conserved molecules such as insulin, monoamines, and neuropeptides are required for the plasticity. We propose the concept of human brain operation from the C. elegans studies.