Dowse G K, Gareeboo H, Zimmet P Z, Alberti K G, Tuomilehto J, Fareed D, Brissonnette L G, Finch C F
WHO Collaborating Centre, Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus, Lions-International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Diabetes. 1990 Mar;39(3):390-6. doi: 10.2337/diab.39.3.390.
Mauritius, a multiethnic island nation in the southwestern Indian Ocean, has one of the world's highest diabetes mortality rates. The prevalence of both impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was investigated in 5080 Muslim and Hindu Indian, Creole (mixed African, European, and Indian origin), and Chinese Mauritian adults aged 25-74 yr who were selected by random cluster sampling. Based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and World Health Organization criteria, the age-standardized prevalence of IGT was significantly greater in women (19.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18.1-21.2) than in men (11.7%, CI 10.5-12.8). By contrast, the prevalence of NIDDM was similar in men (12.1%, CI 10.9-13.4) and women (11.7%, CI 10.5-12.8) for all ethnic groups combined. The sex difference in IGT prevalence was seen in all ethnic groups, but for NIDDM, the sex difference was not consistent across ethnic groups. However, age- and sex-standardized prevalence of IGT and NIDDM was remarkably similar across ethnic groups (16.2 and 12.4% in Hindu Indians, 15.3 and 13.3% in Muslim Indians, 17.5 and 10.4% in Creoles, and 16.6 and 11.9% in Chinese, respectively). Three new cases of diabetes were diagnosed for every two known cases. The high prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in Indian subjects is consistent with studies of other migrant Indian communities, but the findings in Creole and, in particular, Chinese subjects are unexpected. Potent environmental factors shared between ethnic groups in Mauritius may be responsible for the epidemic of glucose intolerance.
毛里求斯是印度洋西南部的一个多民族岛国，其糖尿病死亡率位居世界前列。通过随机整群抽样选取了5080名年龄在25至74岁之间的毛里求斯成年人，他们分属穆斯林和印度教印度人、克里奥尔人（非洲、欧洲和印度混血）以及华裔，对其葡萄糖耐量受损（IGT）和非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（NIDDM）的患病率进行了调查。根据75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验及世界卫生组织的标准，IGT的年龄标准化患病率在女性中（19.7%，95%置信区间[CI] 18.1 - 21.2）显著高于男性（11.7%，CI 10.5 - 12.8）。相比之下，所有种族群体合并计算时，NIDDM的患病率在男性（12.1%，CI 10.9 - 13.4）和女性（11.7%，CI 10.5 - 12.8）中相似。IGT患病率的性别差异在所有种族群体中均有体现，但对于NIDDM，性别差异在不同种族群体中并不一致。然而，IGT和NIDDM的年龄及性别标准化患病率在各民族中非常相似（印度教印度人分别为16.2%和12.4%，穆斯林印度人分别为15.3%和13.3%，克里奥尔人分别为17.5%和10.4%，华裔分别为16.6%和11.9%）。每发现两例已知糖尿病病例，就会诊断出三例新的糖尿病病例。印度受试者中葡萄糖耐量异常的高患病率与其他印度移民社区的研究结果一致，但克里奥尔人，尤其是华裔受试者的研究结果出乎意料。毛里求斯各民族共有的强大环境因素可能是葡萄糖不耐受流行的原因。
