Active Living by Design, North Carolina Institute for Public Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2012 Nov;43(5 Suppl 4):S300-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.023.
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Active Living by Design (ALbD) grant program funded 25 communities across the U.S. The ALbD National Program Office (NPO) supported grantee community partnerships with technical assistance for assessment, planning, and implementation activities intended to increase population levels of physical activity.
This paper analyzes and summarizes the range of assessments conducted to identify local barriers and opportunities for active living as important elements of a thorough intervention planning process.
Evaluation of the partnerships focused on documenting community changes and strategies used to produce those changes. With support from NPO staff and external evaluators, partnerships tracked and summarized their community assessment approaches as well as strengths and challenges in conducting assessments.
The partnerships documented a range of assessment strategies and methods. Partnerships used several qualitative methods, including focus groups, individual and group interviews, and public meetings. Quantitative methods included surveys, audits, observations, and analysis of existing data, among others. The environmental audit was the most common assessment method used by the partnerships. Assessment processes and findings were used for not only intervention planning but also community engagement and direct advocacy. Assessment data collectors varied from professional staff to community volunteers.
Assessments were essential to the identification of local barriers and assets related to active living, which in turn helped ALbD partnerships prioritize and refine their action strategies. Assessment processes were also valuable in building relationships with new partners, community members, and local officials.
罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会的积极生活设计（ALbD）资助计划为美国各地的 25 个社区提供了资金。ALbD 国家项目办公室（NPO）支持受助社区与技术援助建立合作伙伴关系，以进行评估、规划和实施活动，旨在提高人群的身体活动水平。
本文分析和总结了为确定积极生活的当地障碍和机会而进行的各种评估，这些评估是全面干预规划过程的重要组成部分。
对合作伙伴关系的评估侧重于记录社区变化和用于产生这些变化的策略。在 NPO 工作人员和外部评估人员的支持下，合作伙伴关系跟踪并总结了他们的社区评估方法，以及在进行评估方面的优势和挑战。
合作伙伴关系记录了一系列评估策略和方法。合作伙伴关系使用了几种定性方法，包括焦点小组、个人和小组访谈以及公众会议。定量方法包括调查、审计、观察以及对现有数据的分析等。环境审计是合作伙伴关系最常用的评估方法。评估过程和结果不仅用于干预规划，还用于社区参与和直接宣传。评估数据收集者从专业人员到社区志愿者不等。
评估对于确定与积极生活相关的当地障碍和资产至关重要，这反过来又帮助 ALbD 合作伙伴关系确定和完善了他们的行动策略。评估过程对于与新合作伙伴、社区成员和地方官员建立关系也非常有价值。
