Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhangzhou Normal University, 36 Xian Qian Zhi Street, Zhangzhou 363000 Fujian, People's Republic of China.
DNA Res. 2012 Dec;19(6):463-76. doi: 10.1093/dnares/dss026. Epub 2012 Oct 26.
In plants, basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins regulate numerous biological processes such as seed maturation, flower and vascular development, stress signalling and pathogen defence. We have carried out a genome-wide identification and analysis of 125 bZIP genes that exist in the maize genome, encoding 170 distinct bZIP proteins. This family can be divided into 11 groups according to the phylogenetic relationship among the maize bZIP proteins and those in Arabidopsis and rice. Six kinds of intron patterns (a-f) within the basic and hinge regions are defined. The additional conserved motifs have been identified and present the group specificity. Detailed three-dimensional structure analysis has been done to display the sequence conservation and potential distribution of the bZIP domain. Further, we predict the DNA-binding pattern and the dimerization property on the basis of the characteristic features in the basic and hinge regions and the leucine zipper, respectively, which supports our classification greatly and helps to classify 26 distinct subfamilies. The chromosome distribution and the genetic analysis reveal that 58 ZmbZIP genes are located in the segmental duplicate regions in the maize genome, suggesting that the segment chromosomal duplications contribute greatly to the expansion of the maize bZIP family. Across the 60 different developmental stages of 11 organs, three apparent clusters formed represent three kinds of different expression patterns among the ZmbZIP gene family in maize development. A similar but slightly different expression pattern of bZIPs in two inbred lines displays that 22 detected ZmbZIP genes might be involved in drought stress. Thirteen pairs and 143 pairs of ZmbZIP genes show strongly negative and positive correlations in the four distinct fungal infections, respectively, based on the expression profile and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis.
在植物中，碱性亮氨酸拉链（bZIP）蛋白调节着许多生物学过程，如种子成熟、花和血管发育、胁迫信号转导和病原体防御。我们进行了一次全基因组鉴定和分析，发现玉米基因组中有 125 个 bZIP 基因，编码 170 种不同的 bZIP 蛋白。这个家族可以根据玉米 bZIP 蛋白与拟南芥和水稻 bZIP 蛋白之间的系统发育关系分为 11 组。在基本和铰链区域内定义了 6 种内含子模式（a-f）。已经确定了附加的保守基序，并呈现出组特异性。对三维结构进行了详细分析，以显示 bZIP 结构域的序列保守性和潜在分布。此外，我们根据基本和铰链区域以及亮氨酸拉链的特征预测了 DNA 结合模式和二聚化特性，这极大地支持了我们的分类，并有助于对 26 个不同的亚家族进行分类。染色体分布和遗传分析表明，58 个 ZmbZIP 基因位于玉米基因组的片段重复区域，这表明染色体片段重复对玉米 bZIP 家族的扩张贡献很大。在 11 个器官的 60 个不同发育阶段中，形成了三个明显的聚类，代表了玉米发育过程中 ZmbZIP 基因家族的三种不同表达模式。在两个自交系中，bZIPs 的表达模式相似但略有不同，这表明 22 个检测到的 ZmbZIP 基因可能参与了干旱胁迫。根据表达谱和 Pearson 相关系数分析，在四种不同的真菌感染中，有 13 对和 143 对 ZmbZIP 基因显示出强烈的负相关和正相关。
