Grytz Rafael, Girkin Christopher A, Libertiaux Vincent, Downs J Crawford
Ocular Biomechanics Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR, United States.
Mech Res Commun. 2012 Jun;42:92-106. doi: 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2012.01.007.
Glaucoma is a blinding diseases in which damage to the axons results in loss of retinal ganglion cells. Experimental evidence indicates that chronic intraocular pressure elevation initiates axonal insult at the level of the lamina cribrosa. The lamina cribrosa is a porous collagen structure through which the axons pass on their path from the retina to the brain. Recent experimental studies revealed the extensive structural changes of the lamina cribrosa and its surrounding tissues during the development and progression of glaucoma. In this perspective paper we review the experimental evidence for growth and remodeling mechanisms in glaucoma including adaptation of tissue anisotropy, tissue thickening/thinning, tissue elongation/shortening and tissue migration. We discuss the existing predictive computational approaches that try to elucidate the potential biomechanical basis of theses growth and remodeling mechanisms and highlight open questions, challenges, and avenues for further development.
青光眼是一种致盲性疾病，其中轴突受损会导致视网膜神经节细胞丧失。实验证据表明，慢性眼压升高会在筛板水平引发轴突损伤。筛板是一种多孔的胶原结构，轴突从视网膜通向大脑的过程中会穿过该结构。最近的实验研究揭示了青光眼发生和发展过程中筛板及其周围组织的广泛结构变化。在这篇观点论文中，我们综述了青光眼生长和重塑机制的实验证据，包括组织各向异性的适应性、组织增厚/变薄、组织伸长/缩短以及组织迁移。我们讨论了现有的预测性计算方法，这些方法试图阐明这些生长和重塑机制的潜在生物力学基础，并强调了开放性问题、挑战以及进一步发展的途径。
