Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA.
Child Dev. 2013 Mar-Apr;84(2):429-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01870.x. Epub 2012 Oct 30.
Retrospective studies indicate 2 major classes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) onset: early and later, after a period of relatively healthy development. This prospective, longitudinal study examined social, language, and motor trajectories in 235 children with and without a sibling with autism, ages 6-36 months. Children were grouped as: ASD identified by 14 months, ASD identified after 14 months, and no ASD. Despite groups' initial similar developmental level at 6 months, ASD groups exhibited atypical trajectories thereafter. Impairment from 14 to 24 months was greater in the Early-ASD than the Later-ASD group, but comparable at 36 months. Developmental plateau and regression occurred in some children with ASD, regardless of timing of ASD diagnosis. Findings indicate a preclinical phase of varying duration for ASD.
回顾性研究表明，自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）有两种主要发病类型：早期和晚期，早期在一段相对健康的发育后出现。本前瞻性、纵向研究调查了 235 名自闭症患儿及其无自闭症兄弟姐妹的社交、语言和运动轨迹，年龄在 6-36 个月。患儿分组为：14 个月时确诊为 ASD、14 个月后确诊为 ASD 和无 ASD。尽管各组在 6 个月时初始发育水平相似，但此后 ASD 组表现出异常的轨迹。早期 ASD 组从 14 到 24 个月的损伤比晚期 ASD 组更大，但在 36 个月时相当。一些 ASD 患儿出现了发育停滞和倒退，无论 ASD 诊断的时间如何。研究结果表明，ASD 存在一个持续时间不同的临床前阶段。
