Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012 Oct 26;2:131. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00131. eCollection 2012.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, and has spread into Madagascar, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus causes hemorrhagic fever, neurological disorders or blindness in humans, and high rate abortion and fetal malformation in ruminants. RVFV is classified as a Category A Priority pathogen and overlap select agent by CDC/USDA due to its potential impact on public health and agriculture. There is a gap in the safety and immunogenicity in traditional RVF vaccines; the formalin-inactivated RVFV vaccine TSI-GSD-200 requires three doses for protection, and the live-attenuated Smithburn vaccine has a risk to cause abortion and fetal malformation in pregnant ruminants. In this review, problems of traditional vaccines and the safety and efficacy of recently reported novel RVF candidate vaccines including subunit vaccines, virus vector, and replicons are discussed.
裂谷热（RVF）是撒哈拉以南非洲的地方病，已蔓延至马达加斯加、埃及、沙特阿拉伯和也门。布尼亚病毒科、白蛉病毒属的裂谷热病毒（RVFV）可引起人类出血热、神经紊乱或失明，并导致反刍动物流产率高和胎儿畸形。由于裂谷热病毒对公共卫生和农业的潜在影响，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）/美国农业部（USDA）将其列为 A 类优先病原体和选择剂。传统 RVF 疫苗在安全性和免疫原性方面存在不足；福尔马林灭活的 RVFV 疫苗 TSI-GSD-200 需接种三剂才能提供保护，而减毒活疫苗 Smithburn 有导致妊娠反刍动物流产和胎儿畸形的风险。在这篇综述中，讨论了传统疫苗存在的问题，以及最近报道的新型 RVF 候选疫苗（包括亚单位疫苗、病毒载体和复制子）的安全性和有效性。
