Ikegami Tetsuro
a Department of Pathology, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases , The University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Jun;16(6):601-611. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1321482. Epub 2017 May 2.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic viral disease endemic to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. High rates of abortion among infected ruminants and hemorrhagic fever in infected humans are major public health concerns. Commercially available veterinary RVF vaccines are important for preventing the spread of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in endemic countries; however, RVFV outbreaks continue to occur frequently in endemic countries in the 21st century. In the U.S., the live-attenuated MP-12 vaccine has been developed for both animal and human vaccination. This vaccine strain is well attenuated, and a single dose induces neutralizing antibodies in both ruminants and humans. Areas covered: This review describes scientific evidences of MP-12 vaccine efficacy and safety, as well as MP-12 variants recently developed by reverse genetics, in comparison with other RVF vaccines. Expert commentary: The containment of active RVF outbreaks and long-term protection from RVF exposure to infected mosquitoes are important goals for RVF vaccination. MP-12 vaccine will allow immediate vaccination of susceptible animals in case of an unexpected RVF outbreak in the U.S., whereas MP-12 vaccine may be also useful for the RVF control in endemic regions.
裂谷热（RVF）是一种由蚊子传播的人畜共患病毒性疾病，在非洲和阿拉伯半岛流行。受感染反刍动物的高流产率和受感染人类的出血热是主要的公共卫生问题。市售的兽用裂谷热疫苗对于预防裂谷热病毒（RVFV）在流行国家的传播很重要；然而，在21世纪，裂谷热病毒疫情仍在流行国家频繁发生。在美国，已开发出减毒活MP-12疫苗用于动物和人类接种。这种疫苗株减毒效果良好，单剂量就能在反刍动物和人类中诱导产生中和抗体。涵盖领域：本综述描述了MP-12疫苗的有效性和安全性的科学证据，以及最近通过反向遗传学开发的MP-12变体，并与其他裂谷热疫苗进行了比较。专家评论：控制活跃的裂谷热疫情以及长期预防因接触受感染蚊子而感染裂谷热是裂谷热疫苗接种的重要目标。如果美国意外发生裂谷热疫情，MP-12疫苗将能够立即为易感动物接种，而MP-12疫苗可能对流行地区的裂谷热防控也有用。
