Virology and Pathogenesis Laboratory, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2019 May;196(2):157-166. doi: 10.1111/cei.13295.
During the past decade several notable viruses have suddenly emerged from obscurity or anonymity to become serious global health threats, provoking concern regarding their sustained epidemic transmission in immunologically naive human populations. With each new threat comes the call for rapid vaccine development. Indeed, vaccines are considered a critical component of disease prevention for emerging viral infections because, in many cases, other medical options are limited or non-existent, or that infections result in such a rapid clinical deterioration that the effectiveness of therapeutics is limited. While classic approaches to vaccine development are still amenable to emerging viruses, the application of molecular techniques in virology has profoundly influenced our understanding of virus biology, and vaccination methods based on replicating, attenuated and non-replicating virus vector approaches have become useful vaccine platforms. Together with a growing understanding of viral disease emergence, a range of vaccine strategies and international commitment to underpin development, vaccine intervention for new and emerging viruses may become a possibility.
在过去的十年中，有几种显著的病毒突然从默默无闻或不为人知的状态中出现，成为严重的全球健康威胁，引发了人们对其在免疫幼稚的人群中持续流行传播的关注。每出现一种新的威胁，就会有人呼吁快速开发疫苗。事实上，疫苗被认为是预防新兴病毒感染的关键组成部分，因为在许多情况下，其他医疗选择有限或不存在，或者感染导致临床恶化如此迅速，以至于治疗效果有限。虽然经典的疫苗开发方法仍然适用于新兴病毒，但病毒学中的分子技术的应用深刻地影响了我们对病毒生物学的理解，基于复制、减毒和非复制病毒载体方法的疫苗接种方法已成为有用的疫苗平台。随着对病毒病出现的认识不断加深，一系列疫苗策略和国际承诺为其发展提供支持，针对新出现的病毒的疫苗干预措施可能成为一种可能。
