Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2019 Dec;19(12):1333-1342. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1662784. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
: Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks can cause devastating economic loss and public health concerns. RVF virus (RVFV: genus family ) is transmitted by mosquitoes, causes abortion in sheep, cattle, and goats, and severe diseases in humans including hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or retinitis. RVFV has spread from sub-Saharan Africa into Madagascar, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen.: There are a few licensed veterinary RVF vaccines in endemic countries, whereas no licensed RVF vaccines are available for human use. There are two Investigational New Drug (IND) RVF candidate vaccines used in clinical trials. This review will discuss the development of two IND vaccines for RVF over the past 20-40 years, and further innovation for future RVF vaccines applicable for the use in endemic areas.: Vaccination for human RVF can protect at-risk personnel against severe RVF illness. Formalin-inactivated RVF candidate vaccine requires three doses to induce protective immunity, whereas the live-attenuated MP-12 candidate vaccine retains strong immunogenicity. Further innovation in safety, immunogenicity, and thermostability will facilitate future RVF vaccines for humans.
裂谷热（RVF）疫情可造成严重的经济损失和公共卫生问题。裂谷热病毒（RVFV：属 科）通过蚊子传播，可导致绵羊、牛和山羊流产，并使人类罹患严重疾病，包括出血热、脑炎或视网膜炎。RVFV 已从撒哈拉以南非洲传播到马达加斯加、埃及、沙特阿拉伯和也门。
在流行国家有几种获得许可的兽医 RVF 疫苗，而人用 RVF 疫苗尚无许可。有两种 RVF 候选疫苗正在临床试验中作为调查性新药（IND）使用。本综述将讨论过去 20-40 年来用于 RVF 的两种 IND 疫苗的开发情况，以及未来适用于流行地区使用的 RVF 疫苗的进一步创新。
接种 RVF 疫苗可保护高危人员免受 RVF 严重疾病的侵害。福尔马林灭活的 RVF 候选疫苗需要接种三剂才能诱导出保护性免疫，而减毒活的 MP-12 候选疫苗仍保持着很强的免疫原性。在安全性、免疫原性和热稳定性方面的进一步创新将有助于开发未来用于人类的 RVF 疫苗。
