Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.
Clin Res Cardiol. 2013 Apr;102(4):249-57. doi: 10.1007/s00392-012-0517-2. Epub 2012 Nov 2.
Exercise is known to improve endothelial function in healthy subjects as well as patients with cardiovascular disease and this might be partially related to a regeneration of diseased endothelium by circulating progenitor cells (EPCs). EPCs are a subgroup of peripheral blood monocytes that contribute to re-endothelialization of injured endothelium as well as neovascularization of ischemic lesions. Cross-sectional studies have indicated that chronic, regular physical activity has a positive effect on the levels of circulating EPCs. This is associated with an improvement of endothelial dysfunction that is induced by apoptosis due to the underlying aging process or accelerated by cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, it is well established that chronic exercise training has the potency to mobilize EPCs from the bone marrow. For patients with cardiac disease this is of clinical importance since EPCs have been implicated in vascular repair and revascularization. Studies are needed to refine the best mode of exercise training that will upregulate circulating EPCs as well as to clarify the kinetics of EPCs after the termination of different exercise sessions in different diseases and medication. Whether there is a direct link between enhanced mobilization of EPCs via exercise and improvement of disease and prognosis remains a hypothesis which needs to be further evaluated.
运动被认为可以改善健康受试者以及心血管疾病患者的内皮功能，这可能部分与循环祖细胞（EPCs）对病变内皮的再生有关。EPCs 是外周血单核细胞的一个亚群，有助于受损内皮的再内皮化以及缺血性病变的新生血管形成。横断面研究表明，慢性、有规律的体育活动对循环 EPCs 水平有积极影响。这与由于潜在的衰老过程或心血管危险因素加速导致的细胞凋亡诱导的内皮功能障碍的改善有关。此外，已经证实慢性运动训练具有从骨髓动员 EPCs 的能力。对于患有心脏病的患者，这具有重要的临床意义，因为 EPCs 已被牵涉到血管修复和再血管化中。需要研究来确定最佳的运动训练模式，以增加循环 EPCs，并阐明不同疾病和药物治疗中不同运动阶段结束后 EPCs 的动力学。通过运动增强 EPCs 的动员与改善疾病和预后之间是否存在直接联系，仍然是一个需要进一步评估的假说。
