Sepple C P, Read N W
Sub-department of Gastrointestinal Physiology and Nutrition, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital.
Gut. 1990 Feb;31(2):158-61. doi: 10.1136/gut.31.2.158.
Experiments were carried out in normal volunteers to investigate whether preingestion of lipid reduces food intake. In the first set of experiments, 300 ml beef consomme soup with or without 60 g margarine was fed to each of six volunteers, followed 20 minutes later by either a low fat solid meal or a preselected appetising meal. Subjects were allowed to eat as much of the meal as they wished. Preingestion of the high fat soup had no significant effect on the consumption of either of the solid meals and did not influence sensations of hunger or fullness. As we have previously shown that prefeeding a fatty soup delays gastric emptying of a subsequent meal, this suggests that gastric distension may play a relatively minor role in regulating food intake. In the second set of experiments, we studied the effect of ingesting either a high fat breakfast (65 g fat, 927 kcal) or a similar low fat breakfast (8-1 g fat, 418 kcal) on the consumption of a preselected appetising lunch in six healthy volunteers. The high fat breakfast significantly reduced the amount of the meal eaten at lunchtime (p less than 0.02), the total energy intake from the meal (p less than 0.05) and the rate of eating (p less than 0.05) compared with the low fat breakfast. When the subjects were presented with their lunchtime meal they felt significantly less hungry after the high fat breakfast (p less than 0.05). Only a small proportion of either meal (15% of the high fat meal v 12% of the low fat meal) remained in the stomach and plasma glucose concentrations had returned to fasting levels. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were much higher at lunchtime after ingestion of the high fat breakfast (p<0.001). The energy intake from the breakfast and lunch combined was not significantly different on the high fat breakfast day, indicating that the energy consumption at lunch compensates for the amount eaten at breakfast. These results are compatible with the concept that the interaction of nutrients with small intestinal receptors may play a part in limiting food intake.
在正常志愿者身上进行了实验，以研究摄入脂质前是否会减少食物摄入量。在第一组实验中，给6名志愿者每人喂食300毫升牛肉清汤，其中一组添加60克人造黄油，另一组不添加，20分钟后再给他们喂食低脂固体餐或预先选定的开胃餐。允许受试者想吃多少就吃多少。摄入高脂肪汤对两种固体餐的摄入量均无显著影响，也不影响饥饿或饱腹感。正如我们之前所表明的，预先喂食脂肪汤会延迟随后一餐的胃排空，这表明胃扩张在调节食物摄入量方面可能起相对较小的作用。在第二组实验中，我们研究了6名健康志愿者摄入高脂肪早餐（65克脂肪，927千卡）或类似的低脂肪早餐（8.1克脂肪，418千卡）对预先选定的开胃午餐摄入量的影响。与低脂肪早餐相比，高脂肪早餐显著减少了午餐时的进食量（p<0.02）、该餐的总能量摄入量（p<0.05）和进食速度（p<0.05）。当受试者吃午餐时，高脂肪早餐后他们感到的饥饿感明显减轻（p<0.05）。只有一小部分食物（高脂肪餐的15%对低脂肪餐的12%）留在胃中，血浆葡萄糖浓度已恢复到空腹水平。摄入高脂肪早餐后，午餐时血浆甘油三酯浓度要高得多（p<0.001）。在高脂肪早餐日，早餐和午餐的总能量摄入量没有显著差异，这表明午餐时的能量消耗弥补了早餐时的进食量。这些结果与营养素与小肠受体的相互作用可能在限制食物摄入量中起作用的概念相符。
