National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510, USA.
Health Educ Behav. 2013 Feb;40(1):6-10. doi: 10.1177/1090198112464494. Epub 2012 Nov 7.
Health is best understood within an ecological context. Accordingly, health promotion involves processes that foster supportive environments and healthful behavior. Thus, effective health promotion programs are typically multilevel, focusing not only on the population at risk but also on the environmental conditions that contribute so importantly to health and health behavior. Health behavior is important at each societal level. Arguably, accomplishment of health promotion goals at each societal level requires changes in the behavior of those who control or influence the health outcomes of interest. Recognition of three distinct types of health behavior can guide multilevel health promotion program planning. Personal-health behavior affects the health of the person who engages in that behavior. Health-related behavior includes actions taken by proximal others that directly affect the health of others, although usually not purposefully. Health-protective behavior is undertaken purposefully to foster the health of others. Regardless of the outcome of interest or societal level, similar health promotion processes can be employed to alter health behavior.
健康最好在生态环境中理解。因此，健康促进涉及促进支持性环境和健康行为的过程。因此，有效的健康促进计划通常是多层次的，不仅关注处于危险中的人群，还关注对健康和健康行为非常重要的环境条件。健康行为在每个社会层面都很重要。可以说，要实现每个社会层面的健康促进目标，就需要那些控制或影响相关健康结果的人的行为发生变化。认识到三种不同类型的健康行为可以指导多层次的健康促进计划规划。个人健康行为影响从事该行为的人的健康。与健康相关的行为包括亲近的人采取的直接影响他人健康的行动，尽管通常不是有意的。健康保护行为是有目的地采取的，以促进他人的健康。无论关注的结果或社会层面如何，都可以采用类似的健康促进过程来改变健康行为。
