Dorsen Caroline
College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
Can J Nurs Res. 2012 Sep;44(3):18-43.
A growing body of literature suggests that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons have significant health disparities as compared to heterosexuals. Although the reasons for this are complex and multifactorial, one area of research has examined the real or perceived negative attitudes of health-care providers. This integrative review critically appraises and synthesizes data from 17 articles regarding nurses' attitudes towards LGBT patients. Every study analyzed showed some evidence of negative attitudes. However, the literature revealed major limitations, including a paucity of well-designed studies; a dearth of qualitative studies; inconsistent use of validated, reliable instruments; and a lack of measures examining attitudes towards lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons. Increased knowledge in this area could lead to interventions to improve nurses' cultural competency; resource allocation to nursing research, education, and services related to LGBT health; and inclusion of more LGBT content in nursing curricula.
越来越多的文献表明，女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者（LGBT）与异性恋者相比，存在显著的健康差异。尽管造成这种情况的原因复杂且多因素，但一个研究领域探讨了医疗服务提供者真实的或感知到的负面态度。这篇综合综述批判性地评估并综合了17篇关于护士对LGBT患者态度的文章中的数据。每一项分析的研究都显示出一些负面态度的证据。然而，文献揭示了主要的局限性，包括缺乏精心设计的研究；定性研究匮乏；未一致使用经过验证的可靠工具；以及缺乏考察对女同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者态度的测量方法。该领域知识的增加可能会带来干预措施，以提高护士的文化能力；为与LGBT健康相关的护理研究、教育和服务进行资源分配；并在护理课程中纳入更多LGBT相关内容。
