Stirling Management School, Stirling University, Stirling, UK,
J Behav Med. 2014 Feb;37(1):81-93. doi: 10.1007/s10865-012-9470-9. Epub 2012 Nov 18.
This study aimed to ascertain whether self-control predicts heart rate, heart rate variability, and the cortisol slope, and to determine whether health behaviors and affect patterns mediate these relationships. A sample of 198 adults completed the Self-Control Scale (Tangney in J Pers 72:271-322, 2004), and reported their exercise levels, and cigarette and alcohol use. Participants provided a complete account of their emotional experiences over a full day, along with morning and evening salivary cortisol samples and a continuous measure of cardiovascular activity on the same day. High trait self-control predicted low resting heart rate, high heart rate variability, and a steep cortisol slope. Those with high self-control displayed stable emotional patterns which explained the link between self-control and the cortisol slope. The self-controlled smoked less and this explained their low heart rates. The capacity to sustain stable patterns of affect across diverse contexts may be an important pathway through which self-control relates to psychophysiological functioning and potentially health.
这项研究旨在确定自我控制是否可以预测心率、心率变异性和皮质醇斜率，并确定健康行为和情感模式是否可以调节这些关系。198 名成年人完成了自我控制量表（Tangney in J Pers 72:271-322, 2004），并报告了他们的运动水平以及吸烟和饮酒情况。参与者在同一天提供了全天情绪体验的完整记录，以及早晨和晚上的唾液皮质醇样本和心血管活动的连续测量。高特质自我控制预测静息心率低、心率变异性高和皮质醇斜率陡峭。那些自我控制能力强的人表现出稳定的情绪模式，这解释了自我控制与皮质醇斜率之间的联系。自我控制能力强的人吸烟较少，这解释了他们较低的心率。在不同的环境中维持稳定的情绪模式的能力可能是自我控制与心理生理功能，以及潜在健康相关的重要途径。
