University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Child Dev. 2013 May-Jun;84(3):1063-80. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12011. Epub 2012 Nov 19.
Children and adolescents evaluated group inclusion and exclusion in the context of generic and group-specific norms involving morality and social conventions. Participants (N = 381), aged 9.5 and 13.5 years, judged an in-group member's decision to deviate from the norms of the group, whom to include, and whether their personal preference was the same as what they expected a group should do. Deviating from in-group moral norms about unequal allocation of resources was viewed more positively than deviating from conventional norms about nontraditional dress codes. With age, participants gave priority to group-specific norms and differentiated what the group should do from their own preference about the group's decision, revealing a developmental picture about children's complex understanding of group dynamics and group norms.
儿童和青少年在涉及道德和社会习俗的一般和群体特定规范的背景下评估群体的纳入和排除。参与者（N=381）年龄为 9.5 岁和 13.5 岁，他们判断一个群体成员偏离群体规范、包括谁以及他们的个人偏好是否与他们预期的群体应该做的一样的决定。与偏离关于非传统着装规范的传统规范相比，偏离关于资源不平等分配的群体道德规范受到更积极的评价。随着年龄的增长，参与者优先考虑群体特定的规范，并区分群体应该做的事情和他们自己对群体决策的偏好，这揭示了儿童对群体动态和群体规范的复杂理解的发展情况。
