Shifa College of Medicine, Pitrus Bukhari Road, Sector H-8/4, Islamabad, Pakistan.
BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2012 Nov 19;12:32. doi: 10.1186/1472-698X-12-32.
The Hijra is a distinct type of gender role in South Asia where men act like women. This group of people is socially excluded by the general community, in terms of attainment of an opportunity for a socially productive life. Often this sort of deprivation forces these individuals towards professions like sex trade, in pursuit of sustenance, which as a consequence places them as a key block in the puzzle of an impending generalized HIV epidemic in Pakistan.
This study is a qualitative study, which involved 8 in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions, conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad (Pakistan) from February to April 2012. The data was audio taped and transcribed. Key themes were identified and built upon. The respondents were contacted through a gate keeper Hijra who was a member of the hijra community. Multiple interview sessions were conducted with each respondent.
Two key categories of the Hijras were identified as Khusrapan and Zananapan, during the in-depth interview sessions. This initial information paved way for the four focus group discussions. The data was presented using key themes which were identified. The study participants explained their life histories to us which made it obvious that they had been socially excluded at many stages of their lives from performing normal social functions. This lack of occupational and educational opportunities pushed them towards entering the risky business of selling sex.
The transgender community is socially excluded by the Pakistani society which is leading them to indulge in commercial sex and putting their lives at risk. Prudent measures are needed to form community based organizations managed and led by hijra community and addressing their social exclusion and risky behaviors.
在南亚，希贾拉是一种独特的性别角色，男性表现得像女性。这群人在获得社会生产性机会方面受到普通社区的社会排斥。这种剥夺往往迫使这些人从事性交易等职业，以维持生计，这反过来又使他们成为巴基斯坦即将普遍出现艾滋病毒流行的关键障碍之一。
本研究是一项定性研究，于 2012 年 2 月至 4 月在拉瓦尔品第和伊斯兰堡（巴基斯坦）进行，涉及 8 次深入访谈和 4 次焦点小组讨论。数据进行了录音和转录。确定了关键主题并在此基础上进行构建。通过一名希贾拉社区成员的门房监护人联系受访者。对每个受访者进行多次访谈。
在深入访谈期间，确定了希贾拉的两个关键类别，即 Khusrapan 和 Zananapan。这一初步信息为四次焦点小组讨论铺平了道路。使用确定的关键主题呈现数据。研究参与者向我们讲述了他们的人生经历，这表明他们在生活的许多阶段都被社会排斥，无法履行正常的社会职能。缺乏职业和教育机会迫使他们从事危险的性交易业务。
巴基斯坦社会将跨性别社区排斥在外，使他们从事商业性交易并使自己的生命处于危险之中。需要采取谨慎措施，由希贾拉社区管理和领导，成立以社区为基础的组织，解决他们的社会排斥和危险行为。
