沙特阿拉伯吉赞的当前碘营养状况和消除碘缺乏病的进展。
Current iodine nutrition status and progress toward elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
机构信息
Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, PO Box 2531, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2012 Nov 20;12:1006. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1006.
BACKGROUND
The term iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) refers to all the effects of iodine deficiency on growth and development in human and animal populations that can be prevented by correction of the iodine deficiency. The objective of this paper was to determine the iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren in the Jazan Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), by measuring urinary iodine concentrations and by clinical assessments of goiter rate.
METHODS
A school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Jazan region of southwestern KSA from May to November 2010. A total of 311 children, aged 6-13 years, drawn from 12 schools, were selected by a three-stage cluster random sampling method. Data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. Urine samples were collected and physical examinations were conducted to determine the presence or absence of goiter. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Chi square and independent t-tests were used for proportions and mean comparisons between groups.
RESULTS
Out of 360 selected children, 311 were examined. There were 131 males (42%) and 180 females (58%). The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the study group was 421 μg/L. The study population proportion with UIC > 300 μg/L was 74% with a higher proportion among males and urban populations. The proportion of children with UIC of 100-300 μg/L was only 21% and was significantly higher among females compared with males (p < 0.001). Only about 3% of the children had a median UIC less than 50 μg/L. The prevalence of total goiter rate (TGR) among the sample of schoolchildren in Jazan was 11%, with significant variations between rural and urban populations and by gender.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study demonstrates a remarkable achievement in Universal Salt Iodization (USI) and IDD elimination goals in the Jazan area. However, UIC levels reflect excessive iodine intake and may put the population at risk of adverse health consequences like iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
背景
碘缺乏病（IDD）是指人类和动物群体由于碘缺乏而导致的生长发育受到的所有影响，这些影响可以通过纠正碘缺乏来预防。本文的目的是通过测量尿碘浓度和临床评估甲状腺肿率来确定沙特阿拉伯（KSA）吉赞地区学龄儿童的碘营养状况。
方法
2010 年 5 月至 11 月，在沙特阿拉伯西南部的吉赞地区进行了一项基于学校的横断面调查。采用三级整群随机抽样法，从 12 所学校中抽取了 311 名 6-13 岁的儿童。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学特征数据。采集尿样并进行体格检查，以确定是否存在甲状腺肿。使用 SPSS 版本 17.0 进行数据分析。采用卡方检验和独立 t 检验比较组间的比例和均值。
结果
在 360 名被选中的儿童中，有 311 名接受了检查。其中男性 131 名（42%），女性 180 名（58%）。研究组的中位数尿碘浓度（UIC）为 421μg/L。UIC>300μg/L 的研究人群比例为 74%，男性和城市人口的比例更高。UIC 为 100-300μg/L 的儿童比例仅为 21%，且女性明显高于男性（p<0.001）。只有约 3%的儿童的 UIC 中位数低于 50μg/L。吉赞学龄儿童的总甲状腺肿率（TGR）为 11%，城乡人口和性别之间存在显著差异。
结论
本研究表明，在吉赞地区，普遍食盐碘化（USI）和消除碘缺乏病目标取得了显著成就。然而，UIC 水平反映了碘摄入过多，可能使人群面临不良健康后果的风险，如碘致甲状腺功能亢进和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病。
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