Departamento de Psicología de la Salud. Universidad de Alicante, Spain.
Nefrologia. 2012;32(6):731-42. doi: 10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2012.Apr.11384.
Spirituality can be defined as a personal search for meaning and purpose in life that may or may not encompass religion. In this article we report on the development and testing of an instrument for measuring spiritual well-being within a sample of haemodialysis patients.
The main instrument, a 21-item Meaning in Life Scale (MiLS), comprises four scales: Life Perspective, Purpose and Goals, Confusion and Lessened Meaning, Harmony and Peace, and Benefits of Spirituality. A total score for spiritual well-being is also produced. We also used the following variables: clinical (time on haemodialysis, modified Charlson comorbidity index), sociodemographic (age, gender), and self-assessments of health, quality of life (general and recent), personal happiness, religiosity, and belief in the afterlife. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 94 haemodialysis patients.
This study demonstrates that the MiLS-Sp is a psychometrically sound measure of spiritual well-being for dialysis patients (reliability, validity) as they manage the complex demands of a chronic illness. Spiritual well-being was significantly associated with various quality of life variables, health status, personal happiness, or religiosity in patients on dialysis. There was no relationship between spirituality scores and comorbidity, HD duration, gender, or age. Spiritual well-being is relatively low in dialysis patients.
Spirituality may play an important role on psychological well-being, quality of life, and self-rated health for patients on haemodialysis. Spiritual well-being in these patients is relatively low. Results suggest that assessing and addressing spiritual well-being in dialysis patients may be helpful in clinical practice.
灵性可以被定义为个人对生活意义和目的的探索，可能包括也可能不包括宗教。本文报告了一种用于衡量血液透析患者样本中精神幸福感的工具的开发和测试。
主要工具是一个 21 项生活意义量表（MiLS），由四个量表组成：生活视角、目的和目标、困惑和意义减少、和谐与和平以及灵性益处。还产生了精神幸福感的总分。我们还使用了以下变量：临床（血液透析时间、改良 Charlson 合并症指数）、社会人口统计学（年龄、性别）以及健康、生活质量（一般和近期）、个人幸福感、宗教信仰和来世信仰的自我评估。对 94 名血液透析患者进行了横断面研究。
本研究表明，MiLS-Sp 是一种用于评估透析患者精神幸福感的可靠、有效的工具，因为他们需要应对慢性疾病的复杂需求。精神幸福感与透析患者的各种生活质量变量、健康状况、个人幸福感或宗教信仰显著相关。在透析患者中，精神幸福感与合并症、HD 持续时间、性别或年龄之间没有关系。透析患者的精神幸福感相对较低。
灵性可能在血液透析患者的心理幸福感、生活质量和自我评估健康方面发挥重要作用。这些患者的精神幸福感相对较低。结果表明，评估和解决透析患者的精神幸福感可能有助于临床实践。
