Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Curr Biol. 2012 Nov 20;22(22):R966-80. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.006.
During mitosis and meiosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint acts to maintain genome stability by delaying cell division until accurate chromosome segregation can be guaranteed. Accuracy requires that chromosomes become correctly attached to the microtubule spindle apparatus via their kinetochores. When not correctly attached to the spindle, kinetochores activate the spindle assembly checkpoint network, which in turn blocks cell cycle progression. Once all kinetochores become stably attached to the spindle, the checkpoint is inactivated, which alleviates the cell cycle block and thus allows chromosome segregation and cell division to proceed. Here we review recent progress in our understanding of how the checkpoint signal is generated, how it blocks cell cycle progression and how it is extinguished.
在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中，纺锤体组装检查点通过延迟细胞分裂来维持基因组稳定性，直到能够保证染色体正确分离。准确性要求染色体通过其动粒正确连接到微管纺锤体装置上。当染色体未正确连接到纺锤体上时，动粒会激活纺锤体组装检查点网络，从而阻止细胞周期的进行。一旦所有的动粒都稳定地连接到纺锤体上，检查点就会失活，从而缓解细胞周期的阻滞，使染色体分离和细胞分裂能够继续进行。在这里，我们回顾了最近在理解检查点信号如何产生、如何阻止细胞周期进程以及如何失活方面的进展。
