Eickmann Sophie Helena, Malkes Natália Ferraz de Araújo, Lima Marília de Carvalho
Department of Maternal and Child Health, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Sao Paulo Med J. 2012;130(5):299-306. doi: 10.1590/s1516-31802012000500006.
The immaturity of preterm infants' organ systems may lead to difficulties in adapting to different environmental stimuli. The aim was to compare the psychomotor development of preterm infants (with corrected age) and term infants aged 6 to 12 months and to investigate associated factors.
Cross-sectional analytical study conducted at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.
The sample consisted of 135 infants (45 preterm and 90 full-term) aged 6 to 12 months. Neuropsychomotor development was assessed using the Bayley III cognitive, language and motor subscales. Biological, socioeconomic and demographic data were gathered from medical records and through interviews with mothers.
The mean cognitive, language and motor indices were within the range of normality for the sample as a whole. No significant difference in the development of infants born preterm and full-term was observed, except for expressive communication, in which preterm infants presented a lower index. Motor development was influenced by biological factors, and the poorest performances were observed in male infants; birth weight birth weight < 1500 g; Apgar score at five minutes < 7; weight-, length- and head circumference-for-age < -1 Z-score; and exclusively breastfeeding for < two months.
Prematurity did not influence the psychomotor development of infants in this study population. Motor development was the most affected domain in the sample as a whole, especially due to biological factors. Investigations on child neuropsychomotor development should try to identify many determinant factors because of its multifactorial nature.
早产儿器官系统不成熟可能导致难以适应不同的环境刺激。目的是比较6至12个月大的早产儿（按矫正年龄计算）和足月儿的心理运动发育情况，并调查相关因素。
在伯南布哥联邦大学临床医院进行的横断面分析研究。
样本包括135名6至12个月大的婴儿（45名早产儿和90名足月儿）。使用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第三版的认知、语言和运动分量表评估神经心理运动发育情况。从医疗记录和与母亲的访谈中收集生物学、社会经济和人口统计学数据。
总体样本的平均认知、语言和运动指数在正常范围内。除了表达性沟通方面早产儿指数较低外，未观察到早产儿和足月儿在发育上有显著差异。运动发育受生物学因素影响，男性婴儿、出生体重<1500g、5分钟阿氏评分<7、年龄别体重、身长和头围<-1Z评分以及纯母乳喂养<2个月的婴儿表现最差。
在本研究人群中，早产并未影响婴儿的心理运动发育。运动发育是总体样本中受影响最大的领域，尤其是由于生物学因素。由于儿童神经心理运动发育具有多因素性质，对其进行调查应尝试识别多种决定因素。
