Department of Physiology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80?336 Gdańsk, Poland.
J Athl Train. 2012 Nov-Dec;47(6):664-72. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.6.13.
Tournament season can provoke overreaching syndrome in professional tennis players, which may lead to deteriorated performance. Thus, appropriate recovery methods are crucial for athletes in order to sustain high-level performance and avoid injuries. We hypothesized that whole-body cryostimulation could be applied to support the recovery process.
To assess the effects of 5 days of whole-body cryostimulation combined with moderate-intensity training on immunologic, hormonal, and hematologic responses; resting metabolic rate; and tennis performance in a posttournament season.
Controlled laboratory study.
National Olympic Sport Centre.
Twelve high-ranking professional tennis players.
INTERVENTION(S): Participants followed a moderate-intensity training program. A subgroup was treated with the 5-day whole-body cryostimulation (-120°C) applied twice a day. The control subgroup participated in the training only. Main Outcome Measure(s): Pretreatment and posttreatment blood samples were collected and analyzed for tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, testosterone, cortisol, and creatine kinase. Resting metabolic rate and performance of a tennis drill were also assessed.
Proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α) decreased and pleiotropic cytokine (interleukin 6) and cortisol increased in the group exposed to cryostimulation. In the same group, greater stroke effectiveness during the tennis drill and faster recovery were observed. Neither the training program nor cryostimulation affected resting metabolic rate.
Professional tennis players experienced an intensified inflammatory response after the completed tournament season, which may lead to overreaching. Applying whole-body cryostimulation in conjunction with moderate-intensity training was more effective for the recovery process than the training itself. The 5-day exposure to cryostimulation twice a day ameliorated the cytokine profile, resulting in a decrease in tumor necrosis factor α and an increase in interleukin 6.
网球赛季可能会引发职业网球运动员的过度训练综合征，从而导致表现恶化。因此，适当的恢复方法对运动员至关重要，以保持高水平的表现并避免受伤。我们假设全身冷冻疗法可用于支持恢复过程。
评估 5 天全身冷冻刺激联合中等强度训练对免疫、激素和血液反应、静息代谢率以及赛后赛季网球表现的影响。
对照实验室研究。
国家奥林匹克体育中心。
12 名排名较高的职业网球运动员。
参与者遵循中等强度的训练计划。一个亚组接受了为期 5 天的全身冷冻刺激（-120°C），每天两次。对照组仅参加训练。
采集并分析治疗前和治疗后血样，以检测肿瘤坏死因子 α、白细胞介素 6、睾酮、皮质醇和肌酸激酶。还评估了静息代谢率和网球练习的表现。
暴露于冷冻刺激的组中促炎细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子 α）减少，而多效细胞因子（白细胞介素 6）和皮质醇增加。在同一组中，网球练习中的击球效果更好，恢复速度更快。无论是训练计划还是冷冻刺激都不会影响静息代谢率。
职业网球运动员在完成网球赛季后经历了强烈的炎症反应，这可能导致过度训练。与单独的中等强度训练相比，全身冷冻刺激联合中等强度训练更有利于恢复过程。每天两次、为期 5 天的冷冻刺激暴露可改善细胞因子谱，导致肿瘤坏死因子 α减少和白细胞介素 6增加。
