生命体征：美国青少年中的 HIV 感染、检测和风险行为。

Vital signs: HIV infection, testing, and risk behaviors among youths - United States.

出版信息

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Nov 30;61(47):971-6.

PMID:23190571

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In 2009, 6.7% of the estimated 1.1 million persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States were youths (defined in this report as persons aged 13-24 years); more than half of youths with HIV (59.5%) were unaware of their infection.

METHODS

CDC used National HIV Surveillance System data to estimate, among youths, prevalence rates of diagnosed HIV infection in 2009 and the number of new infections (incidence) in 2010. To assess the prevalence of risk factors and HIV testing among youths, CDC used the 2009 and 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System for 9th-12th grade students and the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for persons 18-24 years.

RESULTS

Prevalence of diagnosed HIV was 69.5 per 100,000 youths at the end of 2009. Youths accounted for 12,200 (25.7%) new HIV infections in 2010. Of these, 7,000 (57.4%) were among blacks/African Americans, 2,390 (19.6%) among Hispanics/Latinos, and 2,380 (19.5%) among whites; 8,800 (72.1%) were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact. The percentage of youths tested for HIV overall was 12.9% among high school students and 34.5% among those aged 18-24 years; it was lower among males than females, and lower among whites and Hispanics/Latinos than blacks/African Americans.

CONCLUSIONS

A disproportionate number of new HIV infections occurs among youths, especially blacks/African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and men who have sex with men (MSM). The percentage of youths tested for HIV, however, was low, particularly among males. Implications for Public Health: More effort is needed to provide effective school- and community-based interventions to ensure all youths, particularly MSM, have the knowledge, skills, resources, and support necessary to avoid HIV infection. Health-care providers and public health agencies should ensure that youths are tested for HIV and have access to sexual health services, and that HIV-positive youths receive ongoing health-care and prevention services.

摘要

背景

2009 年，美国估计有 110 万艾滋病毒感染者（HIV），其中 6.7%为青少年（本报告中定义为 13-24 岁的人群）；超过一半的 HIV 青少年（59.5%）不知道自己感染了 HIV。

方法

CDC 使用国家艾滋病毒监测系统数据，估计了 2009 年青少年中诊断出的 HIV 感染流行率以及 2010 年的新感染（发病率）。为了评估青少年中风险因素和 HIV 检测的流行情况，CDC 使用了 2009 年和 2011 年的 9 至 12 年级学生青年风险行为监测系统和 2010 年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS），调查了 18-24 岁的人群。

结果

2009 年底，每 10 万名青少年中有 69.5 人被诊断出患有 HIV。2010 年，青少年中有 12200 人（25.7%）新感染了 HIV。其中，7000 人（57.4%）为黑人/非裔美国人，2390 人（19.6%）为西班牙裔/拉丁裔，2380 人（19.5%）为白人；8800 人（72.1%）归因于男男性接触。总体而言，高中生中有 12.9%的青少年接受了 HIV 检测，18-24 岁的青少年中有 34.5%接受了检测；男性接受检测的比例低于女性，白人接受检测的比例低于西班牙裔/拉丁裔，黑人/非裔美国人接受检测的比例低于白人。

结论

新发生的 HIV 感染中，青少年占很大比例，尤其是黑人/非裔美国人、西班牙裔/拉丁裔以及男男性接触者（MSM）。然而，接受 HIV 检测的青少年比例较低，尤其是男性。对公共卫生的影响：需要加大力度，提供有效的学校和社区干预措施，确保所有青少年，特别是 MSM，具备避免感染 HIV 的知识、技能、资源和支持。医疗保健提供者和公共卫生机构应确保对青少年进行 HIV 检测，并让他们获得性健康服务，同时确保 HIV 阳性青少年获得持续的医疗保健和预防服务。