Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Exp Gerontol. 2013 Oct;48(10):1049-53. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.11.007. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
The extension of both median and maximum lifespan and the suppression of age-related diseases in laboratory animals by reduced food intake, i.e., calorie restriction (CR) are regarded as hallmarks of CR's anti-aging action. The diverse efficacy of CR to counteract aging effects and its experimental reproducibility has made it the gold standard of many aging intervention studies of recent years. Although CR originally was used as a tool to perturb the aging process of laboratory animals as to uncover clues of underlying mechanisms of aging processes, current CR research interests have shifted to the retardation of aging-related functional decline and the prevention of age-related diseases. Advances in CR research on non-human primates and recent endeavors using human subjects offer a promising outlook for CR's beneficial effects in healthy human aging. In this review, several major issues related to CR's anti-aging mechanisms are discussed by highlighting the importance of modulating deleterious chronic inflammation at molecular levels and the impact of epigenetic chromatin and histone modifications by CR at the ultimate control sites of gene expression. The recent research on rapamycin as a CR mimetic is summarized and a brief description of intermittent feeding patterns is reviewed in comparison to the CR effect.
限制热量摄入（即卡路里限制）可延长实验动物的中位寿命和最大寿命，并抑制与年龄相关的疾病，这被认为是卡路里限制抗衰老作用的标志。卡路里限制能有效抵抗衰老效应，且其实验重现性较好，这使其成为近年来许多衰老干预研究的金标准。尽管卡路里限制最初是作为一种工具，用于扰乱实验动物的衰老过程，以揭示衰老过程的潜在机制，但目前卡路里限制的研究重点已转移到延缓与衰老相关的功能下降和预防与年龄相关的疾病。非人类灵长类动物的卡路里限制研究进展以及最近使用人类受试者的尝试，为卡路里限制对健康人类衰老的有益影响提供了有希望的前景。在这篇综述中，通过强调在分子水平上调节有害的慢性炎症以及卡路里限制在基因表达的最终控制位点上对表观遗传染色质和组蛋白修饰的影响的重要性，讨论了与卡路里限制抗衰老机制相关的几个主要问题。总结了雷帕霉素作为卡路里限制模拟物的最新研究，并与卡路里限制的效果进行了简要比较，同时还综述了间歇性喂养模式。
