Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945-3138, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Jan 9;61(1):84-9. doi: 10.1021/jf304971k. Epub 2012 Dec 18.
Bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and steroidal estrogens in vegetables and fruits were analyzed using gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Isotope dilution standards were spiked before the extraction to account for extraction inefficiency and loss of analytes during sample workup. Recoveries were >90% for all of the compounds in each matrix. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.03 to 0.3 μg kg(-1), whereas the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 μg kg(-1). All analytes can be monitored in a single GC-MS/MS run with a run time of 20 min. Occurrence of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in vegetables and fruits from local markets was observed using the established analytical method. BPA was detected in all vegetable and fruit samples, ranging from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 9.0 ± 4.9 μg kg(-1), indicating significant exposure potential for humans. NP was detected in pumpkin, sweet potato, citrus, and apple samples. The concentration of 4-n-NP ranged from 5.3 ± 2.4 to 18.9 ± 8.0 μg kg(-1), whereas that of 4-NP ranged from 5.1 ± 2.6 to 12.2 ± 3.6 μg kg(-1). Concentrations of 17-β-estradiol in vegetables and fruits ranged from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 2.2 ± 1.0 μg kg(-1) except those in tomato and strawberry, in which no 17-β-estradiol was detected. The estimated daily intake of 17-β-estradiol was beyond the recommended acceptable daily intake (ADI) for children as recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
采用气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）分析了蔬菜和水果中的双酚 A（BPA）、壬基酚（NP）和甾体雌激素。在提取前加入同位素稀释标准品，以弥补提取效率的不足和样品处理过程中分析物的损失。所有化合物在每种基质中的回收率均>90%。检测限（LOD）范围为 0.03 至 0.3μgkg(-1)，定量限（LOQ）范围为 0.1 至 1.0μgkg(-1)。所有分析物都可以在单个 GC-MS/MS 运行中监测，运行时间为 20 分钟。使用建立的分析方法观察到当地市场蔬菜和水果中这些内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）的存在。所有蔬菜和水果样品中均检测到 BPA，浓度范围为 0.2±0.1 至 9.0±4.9μgkg(-1)，表明人类存在显著的暴露风险。南瓜、红薯、柑橘和苹果样品中检测到 NP。4- n -NP 的浓度范围为 5.3±2.4 至 18.9±8.0μgkg(-1)，4-NP 的浓度范围为 5.1±2.6 至 12.2±3.6μgkg(-1)。蔬菜和水果中 17-β-雌二醇的浓度范围为 1.3±0.4 至 2.2±1.0μgkg(-1)，除番茄和草莓外，这些样品中未检测到 17-β-雌二醇。根据粮农组织/世卫组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）的建议，儿童每日摄入 17-β-雌二醇的估计量超过了推荐的可接受每日摄入量（ADI）。
