Tuusov J, Vals K, Tõnisson M, Riikoja A, Denissov G, Väli M
Estonian Forensic Science Institute, Tervise 30, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia.
J Forensic Leg Med. 2013 Jan;20(1):51-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2012.04.023. Epub 2012 May 23.
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of deaths caused by poisoning (especially illicit drugs) in Estonia from 2000 to 2009. The data on poisoning deaths (N = 4132) were collected from the autopsy reports of the Estonian Forensic Science Institute. Ethanol poisoning was the most frequent cause of death (N = 1449, 35.1%), followed by carbon monoxide (N = 1151, 27.9%) and poisoning from illicit drugs (N = 888, 21.5%). The study included 3267 male (79.1%) and 865 female fatalities, with the prevalent age group being 35-64 years. Since 2002, deaths from fentanyles have increased sharply and remained at a high level - from 63 cases in 2002 to 138 cases in 2009. This high number indicates that in spite of the state's drug policies, illegal drugs remain easily available and that this area requires more attention. Alcohol abuse prevention policies - restrictions on alcohol advertisements in the media, limitations on sale times and anti-alcohol campaigns concerning traffic - have not brought about a significant decrease in ethanol poisoning.
本研究旨在概述2000年至2009年爱沙尼亚中毒（尤其是非法药物中毒）导致的死亡情况。中毒死亡数据（N = 4132）收集自爱沙尼亚法医学研究所的尸检报告。乙醇中毒是最常见的死亡原因（N = 1449，35.1%），其次是一氧化碳中毒（N = 1151，27.9%）和非法药物中毒（N = 888，21.5%）。该研究涵盖3267例男性死亡（79.1%）和865例女性死亡，主要年龄组为35至64岁。自2002年以来，芬太尼类药物导致的死亡人数急剧增加并一直处于高位——从2002年的63例增至2009年的138例。这一高数字表明，尽管国家实施了毒品政策，但非法药物仍然容易获取，这一领域需要更多关注。预防酒精滥用的政策——限制媒体上的酒精广告、限制销售时间以及开展有关交通的反酒精运动——并未使乙醇中毒人数显著下降。
