Australian Stuttering Research Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia.
J Fluency Disord. 2012 Dec;37(4):225-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.05.004. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
There are many treatments currently available for stuttering, for both children and adults. These range from direct interventions intended to reduce the severity and/or frequency of the speech behaviors of stuttering, to those intended to alleviate the anxiety and other mental health issues that can accompany the disorder. However, as there are little supporting data for many of these treatments, there is little consensus about which to use. Another way to evaluate stuttering treatments is to explore the extent to which they address the cause of the disorder. However, the cause of stuttering is not yet known. In this theoretical paper, a 3-factor causal model is presented, to which the mechanisms thought to be driving different treatments are then aligned. The model is innovative, in that it attempts to explain moments of stuttering. It is argued that all causal factors must be operating at each moment of stuttering. The model is intended as a new way of looking at cause, and how treatments may address cause. It is hoped this will stimulate discussion and lead to further lines of inquiry.
The reader will be able to: (a) describe the P&A 3-factor causal model of moments of stuttering; (b) state how indirect direct stuttering treatments relate to cause, according to the P&A model; (c) describe how direct stuttering treatments relate to cause, according to the P&A model; (d) state the purpose of cognitive behavior therapy; and (e) describe at least one suggestion for further research arising from the P&A model.
目前有许多针对口吃的治疗方法，既有针对儿童的，也有针对成人的。这些治疗方法从旨在降低口吃言语行为的严重程度和/或频率的直接干预，到旨在缓解伴随该障碍的焦虑和其他心理健康问题的干预方法，不一而足。然而，由于许多这些治疗方法缺乏支持性数据，因此对于使用哪种方法，共识较少。评估口吃治疗方法的另一种方法是探讨它们在多大程度上解决了该障碍的原因。然而，口吃的原因尚不清楚。在这篇理论论文中，提出了一个三因素因果模型，然后将被认为是推动不同治疗方法的机制与之对齐。该模型具有创新性，因为它试图解释口吃的发生时刻。它认为，所有的因果因素都必须在口吃的每一个时刻起作用。该模型旨在作为一种新的因果观，以及治疗方法如何解决因果关系的方法。希望这将激发讨论并引发进一步的研究。
读者将能够：(a) 描述口吃的 P&A 三因素因果模型；(b) 根据 P&A 模型，说明间接和直接的口吃治疗方法与病因的关系；(c) 根据 P&A 模型，描述直接的口吃治疗方法与病因的关系；(d) 描述认知行为疗法的目的；(e) 至少描述一个源自 P&A 模型的进一步研究建议。
