CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e51162. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051162. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
A 6-chloronicotinic acid mineralizing bacterium was isolated from enrichment cultures originating from imidacloprid-contaminated soil samples. This Bradyrhizobiaceae, designated strain SG-6C, hydrolytically dechlorinated 6-chloronicotinic acid to 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, which was then further metabolised via the nicotinic acid pathway. This metabolic pathway was confirmed by growth and resting cell assays using HPLC and LC-MS studies. A candidate for the gene encoding the initial dechlorination step, named cch2 (for 6-chloronicotinic acid chlorohydrolase), was identified using genome sequencing and its function was confirmed using resting cell assays on E. coli heterologously expressing this gene. The 464 amino acid enzyme was found to be a member of the metal dependent hydrolase superfamily with similarities to the TRZ/ATZ family of chlorohydrolases. We also provide evidence that cch2 was mobilized into this bacterium by an Integrative and Conjugative Element (ICE) that feeds 6-hydroxynicotinic acid into the existing nicotinic acid mineralization pathway.
从含有吡虫啉污染土壤样本的富集培养物中分离出一株 6-氯烟碱矿化菌。该Bradyrhizobiaceae 菌株命名为 SG-6C,可水解 6-氯烟碱生成 6-羟基烟碱,然后通过烟酸途径进一步代谢。通过使用 HPLC 和 LC-MS 研究的生长和静止细胞测定证实了这种代谢途径。使用基因组测序鉴定了编码初始脱氯步骤的候选基因 cch2(用于 6-氯烟碱氯水解酶),并通过在异源表达该基因的大肠杆菌静止细胞测定中证实了其功能。发现该 464 个氨基酸的酶是金属依赖水解酶超家族的成员,与 TRZ/ATZ 家族的氯水解酶具有相似性。我们还提供了证据表明,cch2 是由整合和共轭元件(ICE)转移到该细菌中的,该元件将 6-羟基烟碱输送到现有的烟酸矿化途径中。