UMIT-Private University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Institute for Applied Psychology Hall in Tyrol, Austria.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2012 Nov;109(45):767-77; quiz 778. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0767. Epub 2012 Nov 9.
Dyscalculia is defined as difficulty acquiring basic arithmetic skills that is not explained by low intelligence or inadequate schooling. About 5% of children in primary schools are affected. Dyscalculia does not improve without treatment.
In this article, we selectively review publications on dyscalculia from multiple disciplines (medicine, psychology, neuroscience, education/special education).
Many children and adolescents with dyscalculia have associated cognitive dysfunction (e.g., impairment of working memory and visuospatial skills), and 20% to 60% of those affected have comorbid disorders such as dyslexia or attention deficit disorder. The few interventional studies that have been published to date document the efficacy of pedagogic-therapeutic interventions directed toward specific problem areas. The treatment is tailored to the individual patient's cognitive functional profile and severity of manifestations. Psychotherapy and/or medication are sometimes necessary as well.
The early identification and treatment of dyscalculia are very important in view of its frequent association with mental disorders. Sufferers need a thorough, neuropsychologically oriented diagnostic evaluation that takes account of the complexity of dyscalculia and its multiple phenotypes and can thus provide a basis for the planning of effective treatment.
计算障碍是指难以获得基本的算术技能，而这种困难不能用智力低下或教育不足来解释。大约有 5%的小学生受到影响。如果不进行治疗，计算障碍不会自行改善。
本文从多个学科（医学、心理学、神经科学、教育/特殊教育）有选择性地回顾了关于计算障碍的出版物。
许多患有计算障碍的儿童和青少年存在相关的认知功能障碍（例如，工作记忆和视空间技能受损），其中 20%至 60%的患者存在共病障碍，如阅读障碍或注意缺陷障碍。迄今为止，已发表的少数干预研究证明了针对特定问题领域的教学治疗干预的有效性。治疗方法针对患者的个体认知功能特征和表现严重程度量身定制。有时还需要心理治疗和/或药物治疗。
鉴于计算障碍经常与精神障碍相关，因此早期识别和治疗计算障碍非常重要。患者需要进行全面的、神经心理学导向的诊断评估，考虑到计算障碍的复杂性及其多种表型，从而为制定有效的治疗计划提供依据。
