Ozer E M, Bandura A
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Mar;58(3):472-86. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.58.3.472.
This experiment tested the hypotheses that perceived coping and cognitive control self-efficacy govern the effects of personal empowerment over physical threats. Women participated in a mastery modeling program in which they mastered the physical skills to defend themselves successfully against unarmed sexual assailants. Multifaceted measures of theoretically relevant variables were administered within a staggered intragroup control design to test the immediate and long-term effects of the empowerment program and the mechanisms through which it produced its effects. Mastery modeling enhanced perceived coping and cognitive control efficacy, decreased perceived vulnerability to assault, and reduced the incidence of intrusive negative thinking and anxiety arousal. These changes were accompanied by increased freedom of action and decreased avoidant behavior. Path analyses of causal structures revealed a dual path of regulation of behavior by perceived coping self-efficacy, one mediated through perceived vulnerability and risk discernment and the other through perceived cognitive control self-efficacy and intrusive negative thinking.
感知应对和认知控制自我效能感决定了个人赋权对身体威胁的影响。女性参与了一个掌握示范项目，在该项目中她们掌握了成功抵御 unarmed sexual assailants 的身体技能。在交错组内对照设计中，对理论相关变量进行了多方面测量，以测试赋权项目的即时和长期影响及其产生影响的机制。掌握示范增强了感知应对和认知控制效能感，降低了感知到的受攻击易感性，并减少了侵入性消极思维和焦虑唤醒的发生率。这些变化伴随着行动自由度的增加和回避行为的减少。因果结构的路径分析揭示了感知应对自我效能感对行为调节的双重路径，一条通过感知易感性和风险辨别介导，另一条通过感知认知控制自我效能感和侵入性消极思维介导。 （注：“unarmed sexual assailants” 中“unarmed” 结合语境推测为“未武装的”，整体该短语较难准确理解其确切所指，可能是特定领域术语，需结合更多背景信息，但按要求进行了字面翻译。）
